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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.22.2016.tde-06052016-164123
Document
Author
Full name
Elizabete Santos Melo
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Reis, Renata Karina (President)
Gir, Elucir
Neves, Lis Aparecida de Souza
Title in Portuguese
Risco cardiovascular e sua associação com variáveis demográficas, clínicas e psicossociais em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids
Keywords in Portuguese
Doenças cardiovasculares
Fatores de risco
Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida
Abstract in Portuguese
Trata-se de um estudo analítico de corte transversal, que visa avaliar o risco cardiovascular de PVHA segundo o Escore de Framingham e identificar a associação entre o risco e as variáveis demográficas, comportamentais, psicossociais e clínicas de PVHA. O estudo foi aprovado na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e no Comitê de Ética da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, a coleta de dados foi realizada no período de outubro de 2014 a agosto de 2015 em cinco Serviços de Atendimento Especializado às PVHA utilizando questionário sociodemográfico, clínico e comportamental, avaliação da alimentação saudável, Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp e avaliação do risco cardiovascular por meio do Escore de Framingham. A análise dos dados ocorreu através de estatística descritiva e teste de associação entre as variáveis, onde foi adotado nível de significância com valor de p<0,05. Identificou-se que 58,3% pertenciam ao sexo masculino, 69,1% apresentavam idade acima de 40 anos, com média de 44,4 anos, 40,6% referiram ser brancos e 40,0% pardos, e 70,9% eram heterossexuais. Observou-se que 64,0% eram sedentários, 35,4% tabagistas e 40,0% faziam uso de bebida alcóolica regularmente. Do mesmo modo, 73,7% consideraram sua alimentação saudável, no entanto, ao ser avaliado de acordo com o escore da alimentação saudável, 70,9% obtiveram score intermediário para alimentação. Com relação às variáveis psicossociais, foi identificado que 52,0% tinham menos de oito anos de estudo, e 80,6% referiram receber até três salários mínimos por mês. Quanto aos sintomas de estresse, foi visto que 29,1% e 22,3% estavam nas fases de resistência e exaustão, respectivamente. Além disso, identificou-se que 15,4% da amostra tinha diagnóstico médico para depressão e que 71,4% não realizavam atividades de lazer regularmente. Com relação às variáveis clínicas gerais, 57,7% referiram antecedentes familiares para HAS, 40,6% para DM, 21,7% para IAM e 27,4% para AVE. Quanto aos antecedentes pessoais, foi visto que 15,4% eram hipertensos, 8,0% eram diabéticos e 8,0% tinham dislipidemia. Desta mesma amostra, 45,2% apresentavam IMC maior que 25,0 kg/m² e 41,7% estavam em síndrome metabólica. Com relação às variáveis clínicas relacionadas ao HIV, observou-se que 42,2% e 32,0% possuíam o diagnóstico de soropositividade e fazem uso de TARV há mais de dez anos, respectivamente. A contagem de células TCD4+ e carga viral mostrou que 82,8% dos participantes apresentaram contagem maior que 350 cels/mm³, e 80,6% tinham carga viral indetectável. Foi identificado que 25,8% dos sujeitos apresentam risco cardiovascular de médio a alto, segundo o Escore de Framingham. Apenas as variáveis sociodemográficas sexo (p=0,006), idade (p<0,001) e estado civil (p=0,003) apresentaram associação com o risco cardiovascular calculado pelo Escore de Framingham. Nas variáveis comportamentais, as fases de estresse (p=0,039) tiveram associação com o risco cardiovascular, e com relação às variáveis clínicas, antecedentes familiares para DM (p=0,035), HAS, DM e SM (p<0,001) e DLP (p=0,030) apresentaram significância estatística. Nas variáveis clínicas relacionadas ao HIV, o tempo de diagnóstico (p=0,005) e o tempo de TARV (p=0,038) também apresentaram associação. Conclui-se que 25,8% de PVHA no município de Ribeirão Preto apresentam risco cardiovascular de moderado a alto, medido pelo Escore de Framingham
Title in English
Cardiovascular risk and its association with demographic, clinical and psychosocial variables in people living with HIV/AIDS
Keywords in English
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Cardiovascular diseases
Risk factors
Abstract in English
This is an analytical study, transversal research, which the goal is to assess the cardiovascular risk of PLWHA according to the Framingham score and to identify the association between the risk and the demographic, behavioral, psychosocial and clinics variables in PLWHA. The study was approved by the City Health Department and the Ethics Committee of Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, data collection was carried out from October 2014 to August 2015 in five of Specialized Care Services using sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral questionnaire, assessment of healthy eating, Lipp's inventory of symptons of stress for adults and assessment of cardiovascular risk using the Framingham score. Data analysis was carried out through descriptive statistics and test of association between variables, which was adopted level of significance set at p <0.05. It was identified that 58.3% were male, 69.1% were aged over 40 years, averaging 44.4 years, 40.6% reported being white and 40.0% mulatto, and 70.9 % were heterosexual. It was observed that 64.0% were sedentary, 35.4% were smokers and 40.0% were using alcoholic beverages regularly. Similarly, 73.7% considered their healthy eating, however, when evaluated according to the healthy eating score, 70.9% had intermediate score for food. Regarding the psychosocial variables, it was identified that 52.0% had less than eight years of schooling, and 80.6% reported receiving up to three minimum wages per month. As symptoms of stress, it was seen that 29.1% and 22.3% were in resistance and exhaustion phases, respectively. In addition, it was found that 15.4% of the sample had medical diagnosis for depression and 71.4% did not perform leisure activities regularly. With respect to general clinical, 57.7% reported family history of hypertension, 40.6% for DM, 21.7% to 27.4% for AMI and stroke. As for personal history, it was seen that 15.4% were hypertensive, 8.0% were diabetic and 8.0% had dyslipidemia. In the same sample, 45.2% had a BMI greater than 25.0 kg/m² and 41.7% were in metabolic syndrome. Regarding the clinical variables related to HIV, it was observed that 42.2% and 32.0% had a diagnosis of HIV and use HAART for more than ten years, respectively. The CD4 + T cell count and viral load showed that 82.8% of participants had levels over 350 cells/mm³, and 80.6% had an undetectable viral load. It was identified that 25.8% of subjects present cardiovascular risk medium to high, according to the Framingham score. Only the sociodemographic variables gender (p=0.006), age (p <0.001) and marital status (p=0.003) were associated with cardiovascular risk estimated by the Framingham score. In behavioral variables, the phases of stress (p=0.039) were associated with cardiovascular risk, and with regard to clinical, family history of diabetes (p=0.035), hypertension, DM and SM (p <0.001) and DLP (p=0.030) were statistically significant. In clinical variables related to HIV, the time of diagnosis (p=0.005) and time of HAART (p=0.038) were also associated. It is conclude that 25.8% of PLWHA in Ribeirão Preto have cardiovascular risk moderate to high, as measured by the Framingham score
 
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Publishing Date
2016-05-17
 
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