O preparo do canal radicular visa a remoção de bactérias que podem causar a patologia periapical, e os instrumentos endodônticos estão sendo constantemente aprimorados para tornar o tratamento do canal radicular mais fácil, rápido e seguro. Assim, novos instrumentos precisam ser avaliados quanto ao seu desempenho. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a remoção bacteriana dos sistemas Wave One Gold e One Shape New Generation comparando-os com seus sistemas predecessores. Cinquenta e seis canais disto vestibulares de molares superiores esterilizados por oxido de etileno foram contaminados com Enterococcus faecalis por 21 dias, e então uma amostra bacteriana inicial foi coletada e paqueada em M-enterococcus agar para contagem bacteriana em unidades formadoras de colônias. Os espécimes foram aleatoriamente divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com a instrumentação (n=12): Wave One Gold Primary, One Shape New Generation 25/.06, Wave One Primary e One Shape 25/.06, e os outros 8 canais não contaminados foram o controle de assepsia. Todos os grupos utilizaram água destilada como irrigante. Nova coleta foi feita imediatamente após a instrumentação e aos 7 dias. A redução bacteriana foi calculada em porcentagem, e então feita análise intragrupo pelo teste de Wilcoxon e entre grupos por Kruskal Wallis e teste de Dunn, todos com significância de 5%. Todos os sistemas reduziram significativamente a carga bacteriana do canal radicular tanto na coleta imediata quanto aos 7 dias (p<0,05). Houve aumento do número de bactérias 7 dias após o preparo quando comparado com a coleta imediata (p<0,05). A análise entre grupos mostrou que Wave One Gold e One Shape New Generation promoveram maior redução bacteriana que os sistemas Wave One e One Shape (p<0,05), sem diferença significativa entre Wave One Gold e One Shape New Generation ou entre Wave One e One Shape (p>0,05). Conclui-se que Wave One Gold e One Shape New Generation promoveram maior remoção bacteriana do que seus sistemas predecessores.

The root canal preparation aims to remove the bacteria that can cause periapical pathologies, and endodontic instruments are constantly being improved to make root canal treatment easier, faster and safer. Thus, new instruments need to be evaluated for their performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial removal promoted by Wave One Gold and One Shape New Generation systems in comparison to that of their predecessor systems. Forty-six distobuccal root canals of upper molars sterilized with ethylene oxide were infected with Enterococcus faecalis for 21 days, and then root canal initial bacterial sampling was collected and plated on M-enterococcus agar to bacterial count in colony forming unities. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups according to the instrumentation (n=12): Wave One Gold Primary, One Shape New Generation 25/.06, Wave One Primary and One Shape 25/.06, and the other 8 uncontaminated canals were used as asepsis control. All groups used distilled water as irrigant. New sampling was obtained immediately after instrumentation and at 7 days. The bacterial reduction was calculated in percentage, after that intra-group analysis was carried out by Wilcoxon test, and inter-group analysis by Kruskal-Wallis complemented by Dunn's test, all at 5% significance. All the systems significantly reduced the bacterial amount in the root canal in both immediate and at 7 days sampling (p<0.05). The bacterial amount increased at 7 days after preparation comparing to immediate sampling (p<0.05). The analysis between groups showed that Wave One Gold and One Shape New Generation promoted greater bacterial reduction than Wave One and One Shape systems (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between Wave One Gold and One Shape New Generation or between Wave One and One Shape (p>0.05). It can be concluded that Wave One Gold and One Shape New Generation promote greater bacterial removal than their predecessor systems.