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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.41.2012.tde-01052013-093838
Document
Author
Full name
Fernanda Porcari Molena
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2012
Supervisor
Committee
Hofling, Elizabeth (President)
Carvalho, Luciana Barbosa de
Toledo, Peter Mann de
Title in Portuguese
Variação individual no esqueleto apendicular de mastodontes (Proboscidea: Gomphotheriidae) provenientes de São Bento do Una, Pernambuco, Brasil
Keywords in Portuguese
Anatomia
Gomphotheriidae
Variação individual
Abstract in Portuguese
Os estudos sobre anatomia e taxonomia de mastodontes são elaborados, principalmente, a partir de dados obtidos de elementos cranianos e dentários, por serem altamente especializados e consistirem em diagnoses para o grupo. Por este motivo, os ossos pós-cranianos acabam sendo negligenciados. O objetivo desta dissertação foi contribuir com novos dados acerca dos mastodontes sul-americanos (família Gomphoteriidae), por meio da descrição detalhada do esqueleto apendicular de exemplares provenientes de São Bento do Una, Pernambuco, bem como pela comparação com exemplares de diversas localidades (representados por 167 exemplares). Foram analisados 71 ossos do esqueleto apendicular atribuídos à Stegomastodon waringi (Holland, 1920), família Gomphotheriidae, e provenientes de São Bento do Una. O material fóssil compreende: úmero (3), ulna (4), rádio (6), escafoide (2), semilunar (2), piramidal (4), pisiforme (2), trapézio (3), trapezoide (3), capitato/magno (5), hamato/unciforme (6), metacarpal I (1), metacarpal II (2), metacarpal III (2), metacarpal IV (3), metacarpal V (3), fêmur (3), tíbia (6), fíbula (2), astrágulo (4), calcâneo (4) e navicular (1). A maioria das variações encontradas repete-se nas mensurações dos ossos de diversas localidades, no entanto, foram observadas variações pontuais, a exemplo dos exemplares de ulna provenientes de Tarija, Bolívia, que apresentam uma concavidade distal ao Processus coronoideus medialis, não observada nos demais exemplares. As tíbias provenientes de localidades mais ao sul são as únicas que possuem ambos os tubérculos intercondilares proeminentes. A presença de exemplares adultos de dimensões variadas em São Bento do Una, associada à observação de exemplares com tamanhos distintos, independente do local de coleta, indica que, assim como nos proboscídeos atuais, não é apropriado utilizar o tamanho como parâmetro para separação taxonômica no grupo. A partir da amostra estudada não foi possível diferenciar os táxons de mastodontes sul-americanos por meio do esqueleto apendicular, devido a seu grande polimorfismo
Title in English
Individual variation in the appendicular skeleton of mastodonts (Proboscidea: Gomphotheriidae) from São Bento do Una, Pernambuco, Brazil
Keywords in English
Anatomy
Gomphotheriidae
Individual variation
Abstract in English
Most studies on the anatomy and taxonomy of the mastodonts have been undertaken using data from cranial and dental elements since these are highly specialized and are diagnostic for the group. As a consequence, post-cranial material has been neglected. The objective of this study was to provide new insights on the South American mastodonts (family Gomphoteriidae) by means of detailed descriptions of the apendicular skeleton of fossils from São Bento do Una, Pernambuco, Brazil, together with other material from diverse localities (represented by 167 samples). A total of 71 bones of the apendicular skeleton assigned to Stegomastodon waringi (Holland, 1920), Gomphotheriidae family, from São Bento do Una were analyzed. The fossil material comprised: humerus (3), ulna (4), radius (6), scaphoid (2), lunar (2), pyramidal (4), pisiform (2), trapezium (3), trapezoid (3), capitate/magnum (5), hamate/unciform (6), metacarpal I (1), metacarpal II (2), metacarpal III (2), metacarpal IV (3), metacarpal V (3), femur (3), tibia (6), fibula (2), astragulus (4), calcaneum (4) and navicular (1). Most of the variations encountered occurred repeatedly in the measurements of bones from diverse localities, although some unique examples were encountered, one such being a specimen of the ulna originating from Tarija, Bolivia, which presented a distal concavity in the Processus coronoideus medialis that was not encountered in any other sample. And the tibias from southern localities were the only ones to show prominent intercondilar tubercules. The presence of adult examples with variable dimensions at São Bento do Una, and also examples with variable sizes from other localities, showed that, as with the extant proboscideans, size is not an appropriate parameter to distinguish taxa in this group. On the basis of the samples studied it was not possible to distinguish the taxa of South American mastodonts by means of the apendicular skeleton because of the large polymorphisms encountered
 
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