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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.43.2014.tde-29092014-090341
Document
Author
Full name
Suelen Fernandes de Barros
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Vanin, Vito Roberto (President)
Appoloni, Carlos Roberto
Costa, Paulo Roberto
Title in Portuguese
Ionização atômica da camada L de Au e Ta por impacto de elétrons com o acelerador Microton de São Paulo
Keywords in Portuguese
Microtron
raios x
seção de choque
Abstract in Portuguese
Foram realizadas medidas das seçõesde choque de produção de raios X L, L e L bem como medidas das seções de choque de ionização das subcamadas L1, L2 e L3 para os elementos Au e Ta com o Acelerador de elétrons Microtron de São Paulo, do Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo. Os alvos foram produzidos no Laboratório de Alvos do Pelletron por evaporação desses elementos sobre substratos finos de carbono. Eles foram posicionados no centro da câmara de irradiação, de modo que o feixe incidia perpendicularmente à sua superfície. Os raios X decorrentes da ionização do alvo de tântalo foram observados com um detetor de Si(Li), enquanto que para o alvo de ouro usou-se um detetor HPGe, ambos posicionados a 120 graus em relação ao feixe. As curvas de eficiência de ambos os detetores foram levantadas usando as fontes de calibração e ajustando os pontos obtidos com um modelo analítico. Para cada energia de feixe, a seção de choque foi determinada a partir das áreas dos picos dos raios X característicos, da corrente incidente no alvo, da eficiência de deteção no pico e da espessura do alvo. As áreas dos picos foram determinadas pelo ajuste de uma forma gaussiana, a corrente incidente no alvo foi medida com um copo de Faraday e corrigida para a dispersão dos elétrons ao passarem pelo alvo, e as medidas de espessura dos alvos foram realizadas pelo método de retro-espalhamento de Rutherford (RBS). Os resultados experimentais obtidos ficaram acima do calculado com a aproximação de Born de ondas distorcidas para as medidas de seção de choque de produção de raios X L, L do Au e para os multipletos L e L do Ta. Para o grupo L do Au e do Ta as medidas foram consistentes com o modelo teórico. Os dados encontrados na literatura para ambos os elementos referem-se todos a energias próximas do limiar de ionização da camada L e nessa faixa são consistentes com o modelo teórico, embora em alguns casos afetados por incertezas superiores a 20%. Este trabalho traz as primeiras medidas para a seção de choque de produção de raios X L do Ta para energias superiores a 50 keV.
Title in English
Au and Ta L shell atomic ionization by electron impact with the accelerator Microtron of São Paulo
Keywords in English
cross section
Microtron
x-ray
Abstract in English
Measurements were made of the L, L and L x-rays production cross section and also of the ionization cross section of subshell L1 , L_2 and L3 for the elements Au and Ta in the electron accelerator Microtron of São Paulo, located at the Institute of Physics of the University of São Paulo. The targets used were produced in the Pelletron Targets Laboratory and consisted of fine targets evaporated on thin carbon substrates. These targets were positioned in the center of the Microtrons irradiation chamber, so that the focused beam perpendicular to the surface. The x-ray originated from the ionization of the Ta target were obtained with a Si(Li), for the Au target it was used a HPGe detector, both positioned at 120 degrees relative to the electrons beam. The efficiency curve for both detectors was made by using calibration sources and by adjusting the points with a analytical model. For every beam energy the x-rays production cross section were obtained by an accurate knowledge of the peak areas, of the current incident on the target, of the absolute efficiency, and of the thickness of the target. The peak areas were determined by fitting a Gaussian shape, the measurements of the current were made with a Faraday cup and it were corrected for the electrons' dispersion when they pass through the target, and the measurements of the thickness were performed with the method of Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS). The experimental results were above the Born approximation of distorted waves for measurements of L and L x-rays production cross sections of Au and for the multiplets L and L and of Ta. The measurements of L group of Au and Ta were consistent with the theoretical model. The data founded in literature for both elements are all near to the region of the threshold ionization energy of the shell L, on that energy range they are consistent with the theoretical model, although in some instances they are affected by uncertainties greater than 20%. This work presents the first measurements of Ta L x-rays production cross section to energies above 50 keV.
 
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Publishing Date
2014-09-29
 
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