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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.46.2019.tde-07022019-140702
Document
Author
Full name
Renan Moraes Pioli
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Bastos, Erick Leite (President)
Andrade, Leandro Helgueira de
Coelho, Fernando Antonio Santos
Omori, Alvaro Takeo
Title in Portuguese
Efeito da modificação da porção imínica de betalaínas sobre as suas propriedades eletrônicas
Keywords in Portuguese
Betalains
Electronic effect
Hydrolysis
Imine
Substituent effect
Abstract in Portuguese
Betalaínas são pigmentos naturais derivados da L-tirosina encontrados em um número restrito de plantas e fungos. Sob o ponto de vista químico, betalaínas são iminas ou sais de imínio que se originam do acoplamento aldimínico entre o ácido betalâmico e aminas ou aminoácidos. Embora sejam conhecidas mais de 70 betalaínas naturais, os estudos sobre as relações entre a estrutura e as propriedades de betalaínas ainda são limitados. Esta Tese de Doutorado descreve a semissíntese e estudo da hidrólise e das propriedades fotofísicas e redox de três grupos de betalaínas não naturais: N-fenilbetalaínas (pBeets), N-metil-N-fenilbetalaínas (N-Me-pBeets) e N,N-difenilbetalaínas (dipBeets). O estudo de quatorze pBeets para substituidas sugere que a porção imina destes compostos está protonada em meio aquoso neutro e que substituintes atraentes de elétron na porção fenílica favorecem o deslocamento de carga do nitrogênio 2-piperideínico para a porção imínica. A constante de hidrólise aumenta linearmente com o aumento do valor de σp de Hammett do substituinte, dado o aumento da eletrofilificade do carbono aldimínico. Por outro lado, pBeets com substituintes atraentes de elétron são mais fluorescentes. A adição de metila ou fenila ao nitrogênio da imina cria um ambiente hidrofóbico que compromete o ataque da água e diminui a constante de velocidade de hidrólise provocando, contudo, uma diminuição na fluorescência. Os resultados foram racionalizados empregando-se espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear, espectrofotometria e voltametria cíclica.
Title in English
Effects of imine portion modification on the electronic properties of betalains
Keywords in English
Betalains
Electronic effect
Hydrolysis
Imine
Substituent effect
Abstract in English
Betalains are natural pigments derived from L-tyrosine that are found in a restricted number of plants and fungi. From the chemical point of view, betalains are imines or iminium salts that originate from the aldimine coupling between betalamic acid and amines or amino acids. Although more than 70 natural betalains are known, studies on structure-property relationships of betalains are still limited. This doctoral thesis describes the semi-synthesis and study of the hydrolysis as well as photophysical and redox properties of three groups of non-natural betalaines: N-phenylbetalaines (pBeets), N-methyl-N-phenylbetalines (N-Me-pBeets) and N,N-diphenylbetalaines (dipBeets). The study of fourteen substituted pBeets suggests that the imine portion of these compounds is protonated in neutral aqueous medium and that attractive electron substituents on the phenyl portion favor the displacement of 2-piperidene nitrogen charge to the imine portion. The hydrolysis constant increases linearly with the increase of the Hammett's σp value of the substituent, given the increase in the electrophilicty of the aldimine carbon. On the other hand, pBeets with attractive electron substituents are more fluorescent. The addition of methyl or phenyl to the imine nitrogen creates a hydrophobic environment upon water attack and decreases the hydrolysis rate constant, however, causing a decrease in fluorescence. The results were rationalized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, spectrophotometry and cyclic voltammetry.
 
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Publishing Date
2019-02-20
 
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