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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2018.tde-02072018-153750
Document
Author
Full name
Luciana Akemi Matsutani
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Marques, Amelia Pasqual (President)
Berssaneti, Ana Assumpção
Guirro, Rinaldo Roberto de Jesus
Lage, Lais Verderame
Pereira, Rosa Maria Rodrigues
Title in Portuguese
Efeito de dois tratamentos de fisioterapia na fibromialgia: ensaio paralelo randomizado
Keywords in Portuguese
Ensaio clínico
Exercícios de alongamento muscular
Fibromialgia
Modalidades de fisioterapia
Terapêutica
Terapia cognitiva
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: Fibromialgia (FM) é uma síndrome caracterizada por dor severa, difusa e crônica, e uma magnitude de sintomas. Exercícios de flexibilidade são indicados para o tratamento de dor crônica por disfunções osteomioarticulares. O aprendizado sobre a FM, comportamentos saudáveis e perspectivas positivas no processamento de informações (resiliência) são imprescindíveis para os indivíduos com FM. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o efeito de dois tratamentos para FM: Tratamento A - exercícios de flexibilidade em cadeias musculares baseados no método de Reeducação Postural Global associados à abordagem educativa segundo referencial da terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) e Tratamento B - exercícios de flexibilidade segmentar associados à abordagem educativa segundo referencial da TCC. MÉTODOS: Quarenta pacientes com FM foram randomizados em dois grupos: A e B, com 20 em cada. Os tratamentos tiveram 10 sessões de atendimento individual, uma vez por semana. Foram feitas duas avaliações (linha de base e no final do tratamento). As variáveis foram intensidade da dor (EVA), multidimensionalidade da dor (Questionário McGill de dor), limiar de dor nos tender points (dolorimetria), atitudes frente à dor crônica (IAD-breve), impacto da FM na qualidade de vida (QIF), postura corporal (PAS/SAPO), flexibilidade (teste sentar-e-alcançar) e controle postural (mCTSIB). RESULTADOS: Os grupos apresentaram, no final do tratamento, menor intensidade da dor (linha de base vs. final; grupo A: 6 ± 1,8 vs. 2,2 ± 1,6cm, p < 0,01; grupo B: 6,4 ± 2,1 vs. 2,5 ± 1,7cm, p < 0,01), menor severidade da dor (p < 0,05), maior limiar de dor (p <= 0,01), maior adaptação nas atitudes frente à dor crônica (p < 0,01) e menor escore total do QIF (linha de base vs. final; grupo A: 61 ± 19,8 vs. 38,2 ± 16,6, p < 0,01; grupo B: 57,2 ± 13,9 vs. 39,3 ± 11,5, p < 0,01). O grupo A mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante no alinhamento postural (cabeça, tronco e pelve), aumento no controle postural em uma condição sensorial e redução em duas condições sensoriais (p < 0,05); o grupo B mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante no alinhamento postural (cabeça e tronco) (p <= 0,05) e aumento no controle postural em duas condições sensoriais (p <= 0,02). Houve melhora clínica relevante na intensidade e severidade da dor, limiar de dor e qualidade de vida em ambos os grupos. No final do tratamento, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos nas variáveis de desfecho. CONCLUSÃO: Os dois tratamentos de fisioterapia reduziram a intensidade e severidade da dor, aumentaram o limiar de dor nos tender points, melhoraram as atitudes de enfrentamento à dor crônica e reduziram o impacto da FM na qualidade de vida em pacientes com FM. Os dois tratamentos de fisioterapia reduziram os escores dos critérios de diagnóstico da FM de 2010/2011 do Colégio Americano de Reumatologia em um nível que implica a ausência de FM no final dos tratamentos
Title in English
Effect of two physiotherapy treatments for fibromyalgia: a randomized parallel trial
Keywords in English
Clinical trial
Cognitive therapy
Fibromyalgia
Muscle stretching exercises
Physical therapy modalities
Therapeutics
Abstract in English
INTRODUCTION: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome characterized by severe, diffuse, chronic pain and a multitude of symptoms. Flexibility exercises are indicated for the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Learning about FM, healthy behaviors, and positive perspectives in information processing (resilience) is imperative for individuals with FM. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two treatments for FM: Treatment A -- flexibility exercises in muscle chains based on the Global Posture Reeducation method and used in concert with an educational approach rooted in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and Treatment B -- segmental flexibility exercises used in concert with an educational approach rooted in CBT. METHODS: Forty patients with FM were randomized into two groups: A and B, with 20 in each. The two treatments were performed in ten individual sessions once a week. Two assessments were made, one at baseline and one at the end of treatment. The outcome variables were pain intensity (VAS), multidimensional pain (McGill Questionnaire), pain threshold at tender points (dolorimetry), attitudes toward chronic pain (SOPA-brief), impact of FM on quality of life (FIQ), body posture (PAS/SAPO), flexibility (sit-and-reach test) and postural control (mCTSIB). RESULTS: The groups presented, at the end of treatment, lower pain intensity (baseline vs. final; group A: 6 ± 1.8 vs. 2.2 ± 1.6cm, p < 0.01; group B: 6.4 ± 2.1 vs. 2.5 ± 1.7cm, p < 0.01), lower pain severity (p < 0.05), higher pain threshold (p<=0.01), greater adaptation in attitudes towards chronic pain (p < 0.01), and lower total FIQ score (baseline vs. final; group A: 61 ± 19.8 vs. 38.2 ± 16.6, p < 0.01; group B: 57.2 ± 13.9 vs. 39.3 ± 11.5, p < 0.01). The group A showed statistically significant difference in postural alignment (head, trunk and pelvis), an increase in postural control in one sensory condition and a reduction in two sensory conditions (p < 0.05); group B showed statistically significant difference in postural alignment (head and trunk) (p<=0.05), and an increase in postural control in two sensory conditions (p <= 0.02). There was a relevant clinical improvement in the intensity and severity of pain, pain threshold and quality of life in both groups. At the end of the treatment, there was no statistically significant difference between groups in the outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS: The two physiotherapy treatments reduced the intensity and severity of pain, increased pain threshold in tender points, improved attitudes towards chronic pain and reduced the impact of FM in the quality of life in patients with FM. The two physiotherapy treatments reduced the American College of Rheumatology 2010/2011 FM diagnostic criteria scores at a level that implies the absence of FM at the end of the treatments
 
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Publishing Date
2018-07-03
 
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