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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.60.2017.tde-12122016-160641
Document
Author
Full name
Leandro Francisco Pippa
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Lanchote, Vera Lucia (President)
Andrade, Jurandyr Moreira de
Pimentel, Franklin Fernandes
Title in Portuguese
Farmacocinética, metabolismo e excreção renal da doxorrubicina em pacientes com câncer de mama
Keywords in Portuguese
câncer de mama
Doxorrubicina
excreção renal
farmacocinética
LC-MS/MS.
metabolismo
Abstract in Portuguese
O presente estudo visa descrever a farmacocinética, o metabolismo e a excreção renal da doxorrubicina, uma antraciclina utilizada no tratamento do câncer de mama. A doxorrubicina é biotransformada a doxorrubicinol pelas enzimas carbonil redutase 1 e 3 e aldo-ceto redutase. Foram investigadas 12 pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama no primeiro ciclo de tratamento adjuvante ou neoadjuvante com doxorrubicina (60 mg/m2) administrada por infusão intravenosa durante 30 min. As amostras seriadas de sangue foram colhidas até 48 h após o início da infusão e a urina foi coletada em intervalos de 4 h por 48 h. Os métodos de análise da doxorrubicina e doxorrubicinol em urina e em plasma como concentração total e concentração livre foram desenvolvidos empregando LC-MS/MS. Os métodos não apresentaram efeito matriz ou efeito residual e mostraram-se lineares para ambos os analitos nos intervalos de 0,4-200 ng/mL para concentração total em plasma; 0,4-40 ng/mL para concentração livre em plasma e 20-8000 ng/mL de urina. Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos da doxorrubicina foram calculados com base nas curvas de concentração plasmática total versus tempo empregando o programa Phoenix® WinNonlin® por modelo tricompartimental com observação de meias-vidas de distribuição, de eliminação rápida e de eliminação terminal de 0,10; 2,55 e 40,87 h, respectivamente. A fração livre de doxorrubicina foi de 16,05% e de doxorrubicinol de 17,34%. A fração da dose de doxorrubicina recuperada na urina (0-48 h) foi de 2,35% para o fármaco inalterado e de 1,35% para o fármaco metabolizado a doxorrubicinol. Os valores médios de clearances na população do estudo foram de 58,07 L/h para o total, 1,45 L/h para o renal, 56,62 L/h para o hepático e 0,71 L/h para o clearance de formação do metabólito doxorrubicinol. Logo, os dados inferem que a eliminação da doxorrubicina é preponderantemente biliar. Os valores de clearance total não corrigidos em função do peso ou área superficial corpórea mostraram coeficiente de variação de 95,32%, enquanto para valores de clearance total corrigidos em função do peso ou da área superficial corpórea, foram obtidos valores similares, respectivamente, 88,74% e 89,84%. O estudo detalhado da farmacocinética da doxorrubicina e seu metabólito doxorrubicinol permitiu, pela primeira vez, o cálculo da razão de extração hepática (E=0,63) em humanos, classificando a doxorrubicina como um fármaco de extração hepática intermediária.
Title in English
Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and urinary excretion of doxorubicin in breast cancer patients
Keywords in English
breast cancer
doxorubicin
metabolism
pharmacokinetics
urinary excretion, LC-MS/MS.
Abstract in English
The aim of this study is to describe the pharmacokinetics, metabolism and renal excretion of doxorubicin, an anthracycline used in breast cancer treatment. Doxorubicin is metabolised to doxorrubicinol by carbonyl reductase 1 and 3, and aldo-keto reductase enzymes. Twelve breast cancer patients with indication of adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment were assessed during the first cycle of doxorubicin administration (60 mg/m2, iv-infusion, 30 min). Serial blood samples were collected up to 48 hours after the start of iv-infusion; urine was collected in 4-hour intervals, during 48 h. Methods for simultaneous quantification of doxorubicin and doxorubicinol in urine, as well as total and unbound fraction in plasma were developed applying LC-MS/MS. Neither matrix effect or carryover effect were observed. The methods were linear for both analytes in the ranges of 0.4-200 ng/mL for total plasma concentration; 0.4-40 ng/mL for unbound fraction concentration in plasma and 20-8000 ng/mL urine. Doxorubicin pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on total plasma concentration versus time curves applying Phoenix® WinNonlin® software by tricompartmental model analysis. Distribution, fast elimination and slow elimination half-lives were observed to be 0.10, 2.55 and 40.87 h, respectively. Unbound fractions were 16.05% for doxorubicin and 17.34% for doxorubicinol. The fraction of doxorubicin dose recovered in urine (0-48 h) was 2.35% for the drug excreted unchanged and 1.35% for doxorubicinol. The clearance mean values for the assessed population were 58.07 L/h for total clearance, 1.45 L/h for renal clearance, 56.62 L/h for hepatic clearance and 0.71 L/h for doxorubicinol metabolite formation clearance. Thus, the data suggest that doxorubicin elimination is carried out mainly by biliary excretion. Initial total clearance values demonstrated 95.32% variation coefficient, while total clearance values corrected to weight or body surface area presented similar variation coefficients, respectively 88.74% and 89.84%. The detailed pharmacokinetics study of doxorubicin and its metabolite doxorubicinol made it possible to calculate, for the first time in humans, the hepatic extraction ratio (E = 0.63), categorising doxorubicin as an intermediate hepatic-extraction-ratio drug.
 
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Publishing Date
2017-01-04
 
WARNING: The material described below relates to works resulting from this thesis or dissertation. The contents of these works are the author's responsibility.
  • PIPPA, L. F. et al. Total, renal and hepatic clearances of doxorubicin and formation clearance of doxorubicinol in patients with breast cancer: Estimation of doxorubicin hepatic extraction ratio. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, v. 185, n. 5, p. 113231, 5 jun. 2020.
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