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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.75.2011.tde-17032011-081258
Document
Author
Full name
Natália Ellen Castilho de Almeida
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2011
Supervisor
Committee
Cardoso, Daniel Rodrigues (President)
Cass, Quezia Bezerra
Catharino, Rodrigo Ramos
Title in Portuguese
Reatividade de iso-α-ácidos e seus derivados hidrogenados frente ao radical 1-hidroxietila: implicações na perda de qualidade sensorial da cerveja
Keywords in Portuguese
Cerveja
Iso-α-ácidos
Radical 1-hidroxietila
Abstract in Portuguese
Os iso-α-ácidos são os principais constituintes responsáveis pelo sabor amargo da cerveja, sendo estes facilmente degradados durante o seu processo de envelhecimento ou exposição a radiação luminosa, em particular o diastereoisômero trans-. O radical 1-hidroxietila é o radical majoritário formado na cerveja durante o processo de envelhecimento. O presente trabalho descreve a reatividade dos iso-α-ácidos frente ao radical 1-hidroxetila através do uso da técnica de spin-trapping com detecção por espectroscopia de ressonância paramagnética de elétrons (RPE) e espectrometria de massas (ESI-(+)-MS/MS). Observou-se que ambos os diastereoisômeros cis- e trans-iso-α-ácidos são degradados na presença do radical 1-hidroxietila com constantes de velocidade aparentes de 1,8 108 e 9,2 109 L mol-1 s-1, respectivamente. A reatividade dos dihidro-iso-α-ácidos com o radical estudado foi similar à reatividade da mistura diastereoisomérica dos iso-α-ácidos, apresentando constante de velocidade aparente de 1,5 109 L mol-1 s-1. Os análogos tetrahidro-iso-α-ácidos não apresentaram reatividade para com o radical 1-hidroxietila, sugerindo os hidrogênios alílicos como sítio reacional. Adicionalmente, os cálculos ab initio por DFT demonstraram que os valores de BDE para os hidrogênios alílicos das cadeias laterais prenila e isohexenoila são equivalentes e, desta maneira, sugerindo a maior reatividade do diastereoisômero trans- a ser creditada a um fator entrópico, já que ambos os grupos estão no mesmo plano espacial. Os produtos de oxidação foram determinados por LC-ESI-MSn e verificou-se a formação dos hidroxi-allo-iso-α-ácidos, recentemente descritos na literatura. O conjunto de resultados obtidos possibilitou a proposta de mecanismo para processo de oxidação e perda dos ácidos amargos da cerveja, observado no envelhecimento da bebida.
Title in English
Reativity of iso-α-acids and its hydrogenated derivatives towards the 1-hydroxyethyl radical: implications in the sensorial quality loss of beer
Keywords in English
1-hydroxyethyl radical
Beer
Iso-α-acids
Abstract in English
The iso-α-acids are the main responsible constituents for the bitter taste of beer, they are easily degraded during the aging and light exposed process, specially the trans- diastereoisomer. The 1-hydroxyethyl radical is the major radical produced during the beer aging process. The present work describes the reactivity of iso-α-acids towards the 1-hydroxyethyl radical as probed by the spin-trapping technique and detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and mass spectrometry (ESI-(+)-MS/MS). It was observed that both diastereoisomers cis- and trans-iso-α-acids are degraded in the presence of 1-hydroxyethyl radical with apparent rate constant of 1.8 108 e 9.2 109 L mol-1 s-1, respectively. The reactivity of dihydro-iso-α-acids towards the studied radical was similar to the reactivity of the iso-α-acids diastereoisomeric mixture, showing apparent rate Constant of 1.5 109 L mol-1 s-1. The tetrahydro-iso-α-acids analogues did not observed reactivity towards the 1-hydroxyethyl radical suggesting the allilic hydrogens as the reaction sites. In addition, the ab initio DFT calculations demonstrated that the BDE values for the allilic hydrogens of the prenyl and isohexenoyl side chains are equivalents and according to that suggesting the higher reactivity of the trans- diastereoisomer to be accounted to an entropic factor since both goups are in the same plane of the space. The oxidation products were determined by LC-ESI-MSn and its was verified the formation of hydroxyl-allo-iso-α-acids. The data colected allows a mechanism to be proposed for the oxidation process and loss of bitter acids of beer during the beverage aging.
 
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Publishing Date
2011-05-27
 
WARNING: The material described below relates to works resulting from this thesis or dissertation. The contents of these works are the author's responsibility.
  • Almeida, NEC, et al. Reactivity of Beer Bitter Acids Toward the 1-Hydroxyethyl Radical as Probed by Spin-Trapping Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and Electrospray Ionization−Tandem Mass Spectrometry (ESI−MS/MS) [doi:10.1021/jf104797d]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry [online], 2011, vol. 59, p. 4183-4191.
  • Almeida, NEC, et al. Reatividade e mecanismo de degradação de lupulonas frente ao radical 1-hidroxietila. In 34a. Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Química, Florianópolis - SC, 2011. Livro de Resumos - 34a. Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Química.São Paulo - SP : Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2011. Resumo.
  • Almeida, NEC, and CARDOSO, D. R. Reactivity of beer bitter acids towards 1-hydroxyethyl radical as probed by spin-trapping ESI-MS. In 3o. Congresso BrMass, Campinas SP, 2009. 30. Congresso BrMass., 2009. Abstract. Available from: http://www.brmass.br.
  • Almeida, NEC, e CARDOSO, D. R. Estudo do mecanismo de degradação térmica de iso-alfa-ácidos em cerveja. In 33a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasilieira de Química, Águas de Lindóia - SP, 2010. Livro de Resumos - 33a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasilieira de Química. : Sociedade Brasilieira de Química, 2010. Resumo.
  • Almeida, NEC, e Cardoso, Daniel R. Reactivity of reduced iso-a-acids towards 1-hydroxyethyl radical as probed by spin-trapping/ESI-MS competitive kinetic approach. In VIII Brazilian Meeting on Chemistry of Food and Beverages, São Carlos - SP, 2010. Book of Abstracts - VIII Brazilian Meeting on Chemistry of Food and Beverages., 2010. Resumo.
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