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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.10.2003.tde-03062004-120515
Document
Author
Full name
Marcelo Américo de Almeida
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2003
Supervisor
Committee
Ferrari, Silvia (President)
Barnabe, Valquiria Hyppolito
Silva, Jean Carlos Ramos da
Title in Portuguese
Influências dos Sistemas Artificial e Natural de Incubação e criação de emas (Rhea americana) nos índices produtivos de criadouros do Estado de São Paulo.
Keywords in Portuguese
cativeiro
criação
emas
incubação
reprodução
Abstract in Portuguese
Nos últimos anos, vem crescendo consideravelmente a criação de animais silvestres no Brasil, com a finalidade de se evitar o desaparecimento de espécies ameaçadas de extinção e a de produção comercial. A ema (Rhea americana) destaca-se devido ao seu alto potencial reprodutivo e produtos de excelente qualidade, muito procurados no mercado mundial, como; carne, couro, pluma e gordura. Existem dois sistemas de incubação de ovos e criação de filhotes até os 90 dias de idade, o artificial e o natural. O sistema artificial consiste em retirar diariamente os ovos dos piquetes de reprodução e incubá-los em máquinas incubadouras. Após o nascimento, os filhotes são criados em recintos e tratados por pessoas treinadas para esta função. O sistema natural permite que o macho choque os ovos no seu próprio ninho e depois da eclosão, ele e os seus filhotes vão para outro recinto, onde o pai cria-os. Diante destes dois sistemas, foram analisadas as suas influências nos índices produtivos mais significativos para a espécie. Os sistemas de incubação e criação não influenciaram a porcentagem de ovos férteis e a de ovos contaminados e nem o peso dos filhotes no nascimento. Por outro lado, o sistema natural apresentou melhores índices nas porcentagens de ovos eclodidos e de filhotes vivos até os 90 dias de idade, e o sistema artificial promoveu maiores porcentagens de ovos com morte embrionária, de filhotes natimortos e que vieram à óbito devido à retenção de saco vitelino, rotação tíbio-társica e paralisia gástrica, e também, influenciou no maior peso dos filhotes aos 90 dias de idade e no maior ganho de peso diário dos filhotes até os 90 dias de idade.
Title in English
Influences of artificial and natural incubation and breeding management systems on the productive traits of São Paulo State greater rhea (Rhea americana) breeders.
Keywords in English
breeding
captivity
incubation
reproduction
Rhea
Abstract in English
During the past years, in order to avoid the extinction of endangered species and also for commercial purposes there was a considerable increase on the number of wild animals breeders. Due to its high reproductive potential and superior quality of products, the greater rhea (Rhea americana) is of prominence importance. Products such as rhea meat, leather, feather and fat are of great acceptance all over the world. There are two systems of eggs incubation and breeding of chicks till they are 90 days old, the artificial and the natural. The artificial system consists in withdrawing the eggs of the reproduction farmyards every day and keep them in incubation machines. After the eggs outbreak, the chicks are raised in sites and treated by persons trained particularly for this function. The natural system consists of allowing the male to incubate the eggs on its own nest and also to raise the chicks after they born. The influences of both systems were evaluated taking into account the most significant productive traits of this specie. No effect of the systems of incubation and breeding was observed in the percentage of fertile eggs, contaminated eggs and weight of the chicks when they are born. The natural system showed better results when evaluating the percentage of outbreaked eggs and survival of the chicks till 90 days old. On the other hand, the artificial system showed higher percentages of embryonic death, born death chicks and chicks that died due to yolk sac retention, tibio tarsic rotation and gastric paralysis, and chicks raised through the artificial system were heavier when they were 90 days old and showed higher daily weight gain till 90 days old.
 
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marceloalmeida.pdf (701.17 Kbytes)
Publishing Date
2004-07-12
 
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