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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.10.2024.tde-20062024-155702
Document
Author
Full name
Yohhane Tracy Hofmann Nascimento
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2024
Supervisor
Committee
Raso, Tânia de Freitas (President)
Carrasco, Adriano de Oliveira Torres
Hidasi, Hilari Wanderley
Title in Portuguese
Pesquisa e caracterização molecular de poxvírus em psitacídeos nativos e exóticos
Keywords in Portuguese
Aves exóticas
Aves silvestres
Avipoxvirus
Bouba aviária
Poxvirose
Abstract in Portuguese
A poxvirose é causada por um vírus DNA de fita dupla, pertencente ao gênero Avipoxvirus, família Poxviridae. É considerada de ocorrência comum em aves comerciais, domésticas e silvestres, afetando aves de todas as idades, sexo e espécies. A doença é caracterizada pela formação de lesões proliferativas discretas nas áreas aptéricas da pele e/ou lesões proliferativas nas membranas mucosas dos tratos respiratório e digestório superiores. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar retrospectivamente (2015-2021) a prevalência e características epidemiológicas do poxvírus em Psittaciformes nativos e exóticos cativos no estado de São Paulo. Foram selecionadas amostras de swabs de orofaringe e/ou cloaca, fezes, sangue, tecidos e/ou swab de lesão palpebral provenientes do banco de amostras do Laboratório de Ecopatologia de Aves, FMVZ-USP. As amostras foram submetidas à reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) baseada na sequência do gene que codifica a proteína de núcleo P4b, seguidas por sequenciamento e análise filogenética. No total, foram analisadas 300 aves, representadas por 339 amostras, sendo 54,3% (163/300) psitacídeos nativos de 27 espécies e 45,7% (137/300) psitacídeos exóticos de 19 espécies. Quanto a origem, 68,7% (112/163) das aves nativas amostradas eram provenientes de criatórios, 19% (31/163) de centros de reabilitação e 12,3% (20/163) eram domiciliadas. Por outro lado, entre as aves exóticas, 81% (111/137) eram de criatórios, 9,5% (13/137) de centros de reabilitação e 9,5% (13/137) domiciliadas. Dos 163 psitacídeos nativos, um Amazona aestiva foi positivo (0,6%) para o poxvírus pela PCR. Entre os 137 psitacídeos exóticos, dois (1,5%) indivíduos foram positivos, um Platycercus eximius e um Barnardius barnadis. A análise filogenética das três sequências obtidas revelou que duas aves do mesmo criatório agruparam com sequencias de psittacinepox (clado C) disponíveis no GenBank. O criatório de origem destas duas aves teve histórico de casos sugestivos de poxvirose. A sequência da outra ave exótica agrupou com sequências do clado A (fowlpox), clado este onde se agrupam principalmente os poxvírus de galinhas, perus e pombos. Esta sequência apresentou 100% de identidade com sequências de pombos. Os resultados demonstram a circulação dos clados A e C de Avipoxvirus em Psittaciformes no Brasil, ressaltando a importância de uma vigilância epidemiológica nos criatórios e mantenedores de psitacídeos para avaliação da diversidade viral e risco da presença deste vírus para as populações ex situ e in situ.
Title in English
Molecular characterization of poxviruses in native and exotic psittacine birds
Keywords in English
Avipoxvirus
Exotic birds
Fowlpox
Poxvirus
Wild birds
Abstract in English
Poxvirus disease is caused by a double-stranded DNA virus, belonging to the Avipoxvirus genus, family Poxviridae. It is considered a common occurrence in commercial, domestic, and wild birds, affecting birds of all ages, sex, and species. The disease is characterized by the formation of discrete proliferative lesions in apteric areas of the skin and/or proliferative lesions in the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. Therefore, the objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate (2015-2021) the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of poxvirus in captive Psittaciformes, native and exotic, in the state of São Paulo. Cloacal and/or oropharyngeal swabs, feces, blood, tissues and/or an eyelid lesion swab samples were selected from the repository of the Laboratório de Ecopatologia de Aves, FMVZ-USP, Brazil. DNA samples were submitted to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on the sequence of the gene that encodes the P4b core protein, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In total, 300 psittacine birds were analyzed, represented by 339 samples, 54.3% (163/300) were native birds from 27 species and 45.7% (137/300) were exotic birds from 19 species. Regarding origin, 68.7% (112/163) of the native birds sampled were from aviaries, 19% (31/163) from rehabilitation centers and 12.3% (20/163) were pet birds. On the other hand, among exotic birds, 81% (111/137) were from aviaries, 9.5% (13/137) from rehabilitation centers and 9.5% (13/137) were pet birds. Of the 163 native psittacine birds, one Amazona aestiva was positive (0.6%) for poxvirus by PCR. Among the 137 exotic psittacine, two (1.5%) individuals were positive, one Platycercus eximius and one Barnardius barnadis. Phylogenetic analysis of the three sequences obtained revealed that two birds from the same aviary were grouped with psittacinepox sequences (clade C) available on GenBank. The aviary where these two birds originated had a history of suggestive cases of poxvirus infection. The sequence from the other exotic bird was grouped with sequences in clade A (fowlpox), a clade where poxviruses from chickens, turkeys and pigeons are mainly grouped. This sequence showed 100% of identity with pigeon sequences. These results demonstrate the circulation of clades A and C of Avipoxvirus in psittacine birds in Brazil, highlighting the importance of epidemiological surveillance in breeding aviaries and psittacine keepers to assess the viral diversity and the risk of the presence of this virus for ex situ and in situ populations.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-07-24
 
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