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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.100.2019.tde-30032019-163647
Document
Author
Full name
Jéssica Rodriguez Lara
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Magalhães, Fernando Henrique (President)
Massa, Marcelo
Silva, Cristiano Rocha da
Watanabe, Renato Naville
Title in Portuguese
Efeitos da estimulação tátil adicional sobre a regularidade das flutuações do centro de pressão durante tarefas de controle postural bipedal e unipedal
Keywords in Portuguese
Atenção
Biomecânica
Integração sensoriomotora
Abstract in Portuguese
Estudos demonstram que um toque efetuado pela ponta do dedo indicador sobre uma superfície externa rígida (a força exercida é mínima, não configurando um apoio mecânico) diminui consideravelmente a oscilação postural, o que indica que as informações sensoriais adquiridas pelos receptores táteis da ponta do dedo (i.e. relacionadas com as forças de contato entre o dedo e a superfície de apoio) fornecem ao sistema nervoso central informações relevantes que ajudam a manter a estabilidade postural. Esse efeito estabilizador proveniente do toque também tem sido associado a mecanismos supraposturais, como requisitos de precisão manual e demandas de atenção. A demanda atencional investida durante uma dada tarefa postural tem sido associada à regularidade das oscilações posturais, estimada pela entropia da amostra (SaEn) dos sinais do centro de pressão (CoP) (SaEnCoP). No entanto, nenhuma investigação anterior abordou se a regularidade das trajetórias do CoP é influenciada pelo toque suave do dedo (em inglês light touch LT) durante as tarefas posturais. Com base nos achados de estudos anteriores que sugeriram aumento da demanda atencional associada ao toque suave dos dedos (em comparação às condições de controle sem toque), a hipótese abordada foi de que a realização de tarefas posturais ao tocar levemente uma superfície externa rígida, além de atenuar a magnitude das oscilações posturais, estaria associada a níveis mais altos de regularidade do CoP (isto é, medidas baixas do SaEnCoP) em comparação com as condições de controle sem toque. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente projeto foi investigar o efeito do toque suave do dedo sobre a regularidade das flutuações do CoP durante a manutenção da postura quieta bipedal e em uma tarefa de equilíbrio unipedal, de modo a analisar duas tarefas de controle postural com diferentes níveis de complexidade, associadas a diferentes níveis de demanda atencional. Sendo assim, 8 voluntários participaram dos experimentos na tarefa em postura quieta bipedal e 14 na tarefa de equilíbrio unipedal, ambas com e sem informação tátil adicional. Foram obtidos maiores valores de SaEnCoP na condição LT, tanto na tarefa de postura bipedal quanto em unipedal, sendo as diferenças significativas em relação a condição NT. Os resultados indicam que a presença de informações táteis adicionais levou a redução da instabilidade postural, mas não aumentou o grau de demanda de atenção na postura pelas flutuações do CoP mais irregulares (maiores valores de SaEnCoP), mesmo na tarefa mais complexa (equilíbrio unipedal). Isso sugere que, a automaticidade do controle postural foi maior, o que significa que a presença do toque tornou o controle postural mais efetivo (reduzindo as oscilações posturais), mas não o tornou mais cognitivamente dependente
Title in English
Effects of light finger touch on the regularity of center of pressure fluctuations during quiet bipedal and single-leg postural tasks
Keywords in English
Attention
Biomechanics
Sensorimotor integration
Abstract in English
Studies have been demonstrated that lightly touching an external rigid (the force exerted is minimal not setting a mechanical support) surface reduce the magnitude of postural oscillation. This decrease of postural sway indicates that the sensory information acquired by fingertip tactile receptors provides the central nervous system relevant information that aid to maintain postural stability. The stabilizing effect of light finger touch has been associated with sensory mechanisms involving enhanced proprioceptive feedback (e.g., from finger and hand muscles as well as from joint and cutaneous mechanoreceptors) and also with suprapostural mechanisms such as manual precision requirements and attentional demand. The attentional demand invested during a postural task has been associated with the regularity of the postural oscillations, as estimated by the sample entropy (SaEn) of center of pressure (CoP) signals (SaEnCoP). However, no previous investigation has addressed whether the regularity of CoP trajectories is influenced by light finger touch during postural tasks. Based on the previous findings that suggested an increased attentional demand associated with light finger touch (as compared to control conditions with no touch), the hypothesis addressed in the present study was that postural tasks performed when lightly touching an external rigid surface, besides attenuating the magnitude of postural oscillations, would be associated with higher levels of CoP regularity (i.e. lower measurements of SaEnCoP) as compared to control conditions with no touch. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of light finger touch on CoP regularity during two postural control tasks, quiet bipedal and single leg stance to investigate postural control tasks with different levels of complexity, which has been associated with different levels of attentional demand. We evaluated the CoP fluctuations in 8 volunteers during quiet bipedal posture and in 14 volunteers during single leg postural task, both with and without light finger touch. We obtained greater values os SaEnCoP in the LT condition in both bipedal and single leg posture tasks with significant differents compared to the NT condition. The findings indicate that light finger touch producing additional tactile informations that reduced postural instability did not increase the degree of attention demand in posture with the more irregular CoP fluctuations, even in the more complex task (single-leg stance). This suggests that the automaticity of postural control was greater which means that the presence of touch made postural control more effective (reducing postural oscillations), but did not made it more cognitively dependent
 
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Publishing Date
2019-04-24
 
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