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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.1900.tde-20240301-144308
Document
Author
Full name
Ararê dos Santos Pedroso
Institute/School/College
Published
Piracicaba, 1972
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Dados bionômicos da Ceratitis capitata Wied., 1824 (Diptera: Tephritidae) obtidos em laboratório em regime de dieta artificial
Keywords in Portuguese
BIONOMIA
DIETA ARTIFICIAL
MOSCA-DO-MEDITERRÂNEO
Abstract in Portuguese
Pesquisa-se neste trabalho os dados bionômicos de Ceratitis capitata Wied., 1824 (Diptera: Tephritidae) colonizada em laboratório de temperatura (média 25,8°C) e umidade relativa (média 67,8 por cento) não controladas, cujos adultos, encerrados em gaiolas de paredes de tela (50 cm por 35 cm por 25 cm), foram alimentados com hidrolizado enzimático de leveduras (1 parte), açúcar cristal (3 partes) e água fornecida em chumaços de algodão. Os ovos, postos em frutos artificiais de plástico perfurados, ou através de tela de “nylon” ( 54 x 64 fios por 1,5 cm2), eram incubados até o nascimento das larvas em câmaras úmidas, a temperatura ambiente. Eclodidas, estas eram transferidas para caixas de Petri, que previamente haviam recebido uma dieta constituída de cenoura desidratada (200 g), levedura de cerveja (40 g), ácido clorídrico (16 cm2 de uma solução a 165 por mil), e ácido benzóico (400 cm3 de uma solução a 2 por mil). Permaneciam nestas caixas, a temperatura ambiente, até que estivessem saltando sobre o alimento, quando eram transferidas para areia contida em vidros, tapados com tela de algodão ou “nylon”, para evitar a fuga dos adultos emergentes dos pupários. Estes adultos, depois de contados e sexados, eram transferidos para as gaiolas da colônia, ou para gaiolas pequenas de 7,5 cm de lado, por 6 cm de altura. Estas encerravam apenas um casal, logo após a emergência, e se destinavam à observação dos períodos de pré-oviposição e oviposição, do número de ovos por fêmea e da longevidade. De cada 100 ovos incubados a temperatura ambiente observou-se que 81,75 dão nascimento a larvas ao fim de quatro dias. Estas passam, no mínimo, por três ínstares larvais, gastando em média 8,65 dias (mínimo observado 4 dias, e máximo 20 dias). De cada 100 larvas, 77,87 atingem o estado pupal. A pupa, que tem em média 4,53 mm de comprimento por 2,25 mm de largura, permanece como tal 11,30 dias em média. De 100 pupas, 93,67 atingem o estado adulto. O período de pré-oviposição observado foi de 11,4 dias em média (máximo de 18 e mínimo de 6). A postura média observada foi de 571,7 ovos por fêmea (mínima 180 e maxima, 1012). A longevidade me dia dos machos foi 54,06 dias (mínima 31 e máxima 76) e das fêmeas 60,13 (mínima 31 e máxima 93). Observou-se maior número de fêmeas (319) do que de machos (238). Em 169 dias de observação houveram cinco gerações completas, mais os ovos da sexta, o que dá, em média, 33,8 dias para cada uma. O ciclo total da mosca, calculado pelos dados mencionados, é para os machos de 68,01 dias em média, com um mínimo de 50,3 e máximo de 95,3 dias. Para as fêmeas o ciclo total médio é de 84,18 dias, mínimo de 50,3 e máximo de 128,3.
Abstract in English
The research herein reported deals with the bionomics of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann. The rearing in the laboratory was conducted under natural condition of temperature and relative humidity. The meam temperature during the research was 25,8°C and the mean relative humidity was 67,8 per cent. The adults of the fruit flies were placed in cages with nylon screen walls (50 cm x 3 5 cm x 25 cm), and were fed 1 part of yeast hydrolysate enzymatic, 3 parts of crystaline sugar and water. The food diet for adult flies was made available on the top of the cage, as well as the cotton padding containing the water. The eggs were laid on artificial plastic fruits which had been perforated, or on nylon screen (54 x 64 mesh per 1,5 cm2). They were incubated under natural temperature conditions in a humid chamber until larvae hatched. After eclosion from the egg, larvae were transfered to petri dishes contained a diet consisting of 200 g dehydrated carrot, 40g brewers yeast, 16 cm3 hydrocloridric acid (solution 16.5 ml per l) and 400 cm3 benzoic acid (solution 2 ml per 1). Larvae remained in these containers at room temperature until then began to jump above the surface of the food source. At which time they were transfered to sand confined in glass containers covered with a nylon or cotton fabric to avoid the escape of emerging adults. The new adults were separated according to sex and counted. They were transfered to colony cages or to colony cages or to small cages (7,5 cm x 6 cm). The small cages were for the purpose of locating one pair (male and female) upon emergence in order to make observations on periods of preoviposition and oviposition, number of eggs per female and longevity. Observations were made on the incubation of eggs at room temperature. It was found that out of 100 eggs 81.75 larvae emerged by the end of four days. The immature flies have a minimum of three larvae instars which takes a mean of 8.65 days (minimum 4 days and maximum 20 days). Of every 100 larvae 77.87 reach the pupal stage. The pupae have a mean lenght of 4.53 mm and a mean width of 2.25 mm. They remain on the pupal stage for an average of 11.30 days. Of every 100 pupae 93.67 reach the adult stage. The preoviposition period lasted for an average of 11.4 days (minimum 6 days and maximum 48 days). The average number of eggs laid per female was 571.7 (minimum 180 and maximum 1012). The average longevity of males was 54.06 days (minimum 31 and maximum 76) and the average for females was 60.13 (minimum 31 and maximum 93). The ratio of females to males was 319 to 238. In 169 days of observations five generations were completed and the eggs were laid of the 6th generation. This gives and average of 33.8 days per generation. The total life cycle of the fly using the above mentioned figures was an average 68.01 days for males (minimum 50.3, maximum 95.3). For female the average life cycle was 84.18 days (minimum 50.3 and maximum 128.3).
 
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Publishing Date
2024-03-12
 
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