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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.1900.tde-20240301-144322
Document
Author
Full name
Fernando Mendes Pereira
Institute/School/College
Published
Piracicaba, 1972
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Estudo da giberelina sobre a videira Niagara Rosada (Vitis labrusca L. x Vitis vinifera L.)
Keywords in Portuguese
REGULADORES DE CRESCIMENTO VEGETAL
UVA NIAGARA ROSADA
Abstract in Portuguese
Foram feitas na videira Niagara Rosada (Vitis labrusca L. x Vitis vinifera L.), investigações relativas à ação da giberelina sobre as transformações morfológicas dos cachos, dos ramos e inflorescências, a indução ao florescimento, o aditantamento do período de maturação, bem como sua translocação dentro das inflorescências, com a finalidade de verificar a possibilidade de emprego desse fitohormônio nos vinhedos desse cultivar de videiras. Os trabalhos experimentais foram desenvolvidos em três propriedades particulares, em Jundiaí (SP), utilizando-se sempre vinhedos de boas condições de sanidade e produtividade. As transformações morfológicas dos cachos, foram pesquisadas sob os seguintes aspectos; peso, comprimento, largura e número de bagas por cacho, peso dos engaços, peso das bagas e número de sementes. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, procurando determinar as dosagens promotoras dos mais benéficos efeitos, utilizando-se sempre aplicações por imersão das inflorescências 12 dias antes e 7 dias após o florescimento. O primeiro experimento constou de aplicações de giberelina nas dosagens de 0, 10, 20, 40 e 80 ppm, antes, após, e antes e após o florescimento. O segundo experimento, constou da aplicação de giberelina nas dosagens de 0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 ppm, antes, e antes e após o florescimento. Nesses experimentos verificou-se que, dosagens de 0 a 80 ppm, não produziram efeitos na morfologia aparente dos cachos. A dosagem 100 ppm, através de aplicação única, anterior ao florescimento, produziu um pequeno aumento no tamanho dos cachos, e a aplicação dupla, anterior e posterior ao florescimento, causou significativo aumento no tamanho dos cachos. As dosagens de 200 e 400 ppm, quando comparadas com a dose 100 ppm prejudicaram a formação dos cachos. O alongamento dos ramos foi estudado em dois experimentos, onde foram tratados ramos com 25 a 35 cm de comprimento, com giberelina a 100 ppm, não tendo-se observado nenhum acréscimo estatisticamente significativo no comprimento dos ramos. Visando verificar a ação da giberelina sobre o alongamento das inflorescências, foram realizadas investigações aplicando-se giberelina a 100 ppm sobre inflorescências em estágios anteriores ao florescimento, medindo de 3 a 6,5 cm. As medidas de crescimento, tomadas 5, 10, 12, 19, 25 e 36 dias após a aplicação, mostraram um rápido crescimento das inflorescências, observado até 12 dias após a aplicação. Este efeito entretanto, estatisticamente desapareceu 19 dias após a aplicação. A indução do florescimento foi estudada através de vários experimentos, onde foram selecionados ramos com inflorescências em diversos estágios anteriores ao florescimento. Utilizou-se a dosagem única de 100 ppm. Verificou-se que o florescimento foi induzido pela giberelina, antecipando-se em 5 a 10 dias em relação às inflorescências testemunhas. A translocação da giberelina dentro das inflorescências foi estudada, através do alongamento das mesmas e da indução do florescimento, em diversos experimentos, onde se fez o tratamento de porções das inflorescências, em períodos anteriores ao florescimento. Verificou-se que apenas as porções tratadas das inflorescências, responderam a ação da giberelina, ou seja, que este fitohormônio não se translocou dentro das inflorescências. O adiantamento do período de maturação foi estudado, através de dois experimentos, onde utilizou-se giberelina a 100 ppm. No primeiro experimento associou-se a giberelina, a ação da Calciocianamida (CaCN2), esta com a ação específica de adiantar o período de brotação. A giberelina foi aplicada sobre ramos com 25 cm de comprimento. Verificou-se que a associação - giberelina 100 ppm - calciocionamida 20%, acelerou a maturação de maneira significativa, quando observada através do Índice de Maturaçao (açúcar/ acidez). No segundo experimento a aceleração da maturação foi estudada através da aplicação de giberelina a 100 ppm, em tratamentos únicos, anteriores ao florescimento e duplos, anteriores e posteriores ao florescimento. Verificou-se que o período de maturação, analisado através do Índice de Maturação, mostrou resultados significativos nas aplicações duplas, antes e após o florescimento, e nas aplicações únicas ao florescimentos, os Índices de Maturação obtidos, embora superiores aos das testemunhas, nem sempre foram estatisticamente significativos.
Abstract in English
Investigations were carried out with the Niagara Rosada vine (Vitis labrusca L. x Vitis vinifera L.) relative to the action of Gibberellic acid on the following factors: a) The morphological transformation of the bunch, branches and inflorescences; b) The acceleration of maturity and translocation of the chemical into the inflorescence. The investigations were made to verify the possibility for use of this phytohormone in vineyards of this variety. The experimental work was carried out on three private properties in Jundiai (SP), always using disease-free vineyards of good productivity. Research into the morphological transformations of the bunch was carried out under the following aspects: a) Weight, length, breadth and number of grapes per bunch; b) Rachis weight, grape weigh and number of seeds. Two experiments were conducted in order to determine the promotory doses of the most beneficial effects, always using applications by inflorescence immersion 12 days before and 7 days after flowering. The first experiment consisted of Gibberellic acid treatments of 0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ppm, before or after flowering and before plus after flowering. The second experiment consisted of Gibberellic acid treatments of 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm, before flowering and before plus after flowering. In these experiments it was verified that rates of 0 to 80 ppm do not produce morphological effects apparent on the bunches. A single rate of 100 ppm applied before flowering produced a small increase in bunch size and a double application of this rate, applied before and after flowering, produced a significant increase in the bunch size. Rates of 200 and 400 ppm, when compared with a 100 ppm rate, prejudiced bunch formation. Branch elongation was studied with two experiments where branches of 25 to 35 cm length were treated with Gibberellic acid at 100 ppm and no statistically significant effects on branch growth were noted. In order to verify the action of Gibberellic acid on the elongation of inflorescences, investigations were carried out applying 100 ppm Gibberellic acid to inflorescences measuring 3 to 6.5 cm at stages prior to flowering. Growth measurements were taken 5, 10, 12, 19, 25 and 36 days after application and these showed a rapid growth of the inflorescences which was observed up to 12 days after treatment. This effect however became statistically insignificant 19 days after treatment. The induction of flowering was studied through various experiments where branches were selected with inflorescences in different stages before flowering. A single rate of 100 ppm was used and it was shown that flowering was induced by Gibberellic acid, advancing this by 5 - 10 days in relation to control inflorescences. The translocation of Gibberellic acid within the inflorescence was studied by measurements of inflorescence elongation and induction of flowering. Various experiments were made where portions of the inflorescence were treated in periods before flowering. It was shown that only the treated portions responded to the action of Gibberellic acid and that this phytohormone was not translocated within the inflorescences. The acceleration of the period of maturation was studied through two experiments using 100 ppm Gibberellic acid. In the first experiment Gibberellic acid was combined with calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) which has the specific action of accelerating bud burst and shooting. The. Gibberellic acid as applied on branches measuring 25 cm. It was shown that this combination of chemicals significantly accelerated maturation as measured by the Maturity Index (sugars / acids). In the second experiment the acceleration of maturity was studied through the application of Gibberellic acid at 100 ppm as a single treatment before flowering and a double treatment, before and after flowering. It was shown that the period of maturation, as analyzed by the Maturity Index, showed significantly better results with double applications. With single applications the Maturity Index wan higher than the control but this was not statistically significant. The studies carried out produced the following conclusions: 1) Application of Gibberellic acid by immersion of the inflorescences produced an increase in bunch size with the 100 ppm rate, and rates less than this have no effect on the bunches whilst higher rates damage the bunches; 2) The application of Gibberellic acid over the branches did not interfere with their development; 3) Application of Gibberellic acid produced a rapid elongation of the inflorescences and promoted the acceleration of flowering; 4) Gibberellic acid, when applied to the apical parts of the plant, did not affect the basal parts and vice-versa, and therefore was not translocated into the inflorescences; 5) The application of Gibberellic acid accelerated maturation.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-03-12
 
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