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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.1900.tde-20240301-144410
Document
Author
Full name
Avany Correa Santos
Institute/School/College
Published
Piracicaba, 1972
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Fatores sociais relacionados com os hábitos de consumo alimentar do escolar de Piracicaba, estado de São Paulo
Keywords in Portuguese
CONSUMO DE ALIMENTOS
ESTUDANTES
FATORES SOCIAIS
HÁBITOS ALIMENTARES
PIRACICABA-SP
Abstract in Portuguese
O presente estudo refere-se aos hábitos de consumo alimentar do escolar. Visando aplicar a teoria da diferenciação no estudo dos hábitos alimentares tenta verificar a possibilidade dos indicadores sociais da família, predizer a complexidade do consumo de alimentos pelo escolar. O trabalho pretende também desenvolver uma escala de alimentos, indicando níveis diferentes de complexidade e, ao mesmo tempo, situando o escolar no seu próprio nível A pesquisa foi levada a efeito na cidade de Piracicaba, com uma amostra de 202 crianças em idade escolar frequentando o 1º ano do curso básico. Utilizou-se um inquérito de consumo alimentar qualitativo, recorrendo-se ao método recordatório de 24 horas. Os dados referentes ao consumo alimentar foram analisados de acordo com a técnica de Guttman. Elaborou-se uma escala de alimentos com seis níveis, cujo coeficiente de escalonamento 0,82 está bem acima do limite mínimo recomendado de 0,65. A presença duma escala de alimentos indica que um padrão de dieta existe e que se desenvolve do simples para o complexo. Os três primeiros níveis da escala alimentar formam a dieta básica: arroz, pão, massas, feijão e proteína animal - com exclusão do leite. Os três níveis seguintes, indicam Índices crescentes de complexidade; leite, manteiga e hortaliças. A escala alimentar teorizada como indicador de complexidade dietética correlacionou bem com outros indicadores de complexidade da vida familiar. A escala de alimentos correlacionou com o padrão da família, fatores socioeconômicos, conhecimento da mãe sobre nutrição e complexidade das refeições. As famílias dos escolares situados nos níveis mais elevados de complexidade dietética parecem ser menores, terem mais anos de educação formal, ocupação mais elevada e renda mais alta do que aquelas com modo de vida mais simples. É importante para os educadores em Nutrição saber como e em que direção o consumo dietético está mudando em determinadas áreas. Ao planejar programas de educação nutricional ou tentar melhorar a dieta local através de programas de enriquecimentos de alimentos ou introdução de novos, a existência dessa “tendência” na mudança da estrutura alimentar deve ser levada em consideração. Os objetivos propostos no início deste estudo foram alcançados.
Abstract in English
The Current investigation is concerned with the food habits of the school child. The theory of differentiation was used in a effect to test certain characteristics of the family as indicators of the pattern of food consumption of the child. The study involved the development of a food consumption scale, indicating different levels of complexity and, at the same time, locating the school child at his proper level on the scale. The research was carried out in the city of Piracicaba, using a sample of 202 children of school age who were in the first grade. A questionnaire was used to obtain a record of the food consumed by the child for the 24 hour period previous to the interview. The data on the food consumed were analyzed according to the method of Guttman. A scale of food consumption with six levels was elaborated, whose coefficient of scalability, 0,82 was well above the minimal limit recommended (0.65).The food consumption scale ranges from a pattern which is simple to one that is complex. The three first levels of the scale developed are composed of food that may be considered basic components of the diet: rice, bread, macaroni, beans, and animal protein - with the exception of milk. The three following levels indicate increasing complexity in the components of the diets: milk, butter and vegetables. The food consumption scale, theorized as an indicator of complexity of the dietary pattern, correlated well with other measures of complexity of other aspects of family life. The evaluation of food consumption scale was correlated with the family pattern, socio-economic factors, information of the mother about nutrition and the complexity of the meals served. The families of school children ranking high on the dietary scale of complexity were younger, had had more years of formal education, were at higher occupational level and had a higher income than those with a more simple pattern of living. It is important for nutrition educators to know how and in what direction the structure of food consumption is moving. To plan programs of nutrition education or improvements in the food supply of the local area (through food enrichment projects or the introduction of new foods) a the existing “tendency” in the food consumption must be taken into consideration. The objectives proposed on the initiation of this study were achieved.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-03-12
 
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