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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.1978.tde-20240301-152010
Document
Author
Full name
Hugo Kuniyuki
Institute/School/College
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1978
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
EEstudos sobre a virose enrolamento da folha da videira no Estado de São Paulo
Keywords in Portuguese
CLOSTEROVIRIDAE
ENROLAMENTO-DA-FOLHA-DA VIDEIRA
UVA
Abstract in Portuguese
A ocorrência de uma fitovirose idêntica a “grapevine leafroll” em vinhedos do Estado do são Paulo, anteriormente suspeitada pela observação de sintomas, foi confirmada experimentalmente. A moléstia vem sendo chamada de enrolamento da folha ou ainda, vermelhão ou amarelo. Foi identificada em material de Minas Gerais, Paraná e Santa Catarina. Em são Paulo, a incidência foi de 100% nas variedades de copa Alphonse Lavallée, Barbera, Bonarda, lAC 138-22, IAC 116-31 (Rainha), Malegue, Moscatel de Hamburgo, Niágara Branca, Niágara Rosada e Pirovano 87 (Diamante Negro); variou de 40 a 70% nas variedades Couderc, Isabel, Itália (Pirovano 65), Seibel 2 e Seyve Villard 5276. Plantas matrizes de porta-enxertos Gol ia, Kober 5BB. Rupestris du Lot, 106-8 (Traviú) e 420A mostraram incidência de 25 a 55%; porta-enxertos de criação mais recente (IAC 313 e IAC 766) apresentaram-se isentos do vírus. Não existem dados experimentais que permitam avaliar as perdas induzidas pelo vírus do enrolamento da folha. Mas, nas observações de campo, foi notado que plantas infetadas eram menos desenvolvidas e menos produtivas do que plantas sem esse vírus. Os sintomas típicos da moléstia consistem de enrolamento e avermelhamento ou amarelecimento das folhas, dependendo da variedade. Muitas variedades de enxerto e de porta-enxerto cultivadas em São Paulo não apresentam sintomas suficientemente distintivos para a diagnose do enrolamento da folha, tornando necessário testes de transmissão para videiras indicadoras. Além disso, outros fatores, de natureza diversa, foram reconhecidos como capazes de causar sintomas semelhantes aos da virose. Comportaram-se satisfatoriamente como indicadoras plantas clonais do híbrido LN-33 e da variedade Pinot Noir e clones novos feitos a partir de plantas de semente de Pinot Noir. A detecção do vírus nas videiras indicadoras foi mais segura, quando a leitura de sintomas foi feita nas folhas maduras dos ramos originados da brotação de primavera seguinte à da enxertia. Resultados negativos foram obtidos em testes de transmissão do vírus do enrolamento da folha pela semente e por meios mecânicos negativa a evidência sobre a existência de um vetor do vírus. Não foi observada ao microscópio electrônico partícula viral que pudesse ser as sociada à moléstia. Há, invariavelmente, perpetuação da doença através da multiplicação das plantas infetadas, mediante borbulhia e estaquia, sendo essa a razão da alta incidência do enrolamento da folha em São Paulo. o enrolamento da folha pode ser eficientemente controlado pelo emprego de material propagativo sadio de copa e de cavalo. Foi possível encontrar clones sadios das variedades Isabel, Seibel 2, Golia,IAC 313, IAC 766, Kober 588, Rupestris du Lot, Traviü e 420A. Um clone sadio foi obtido por termoterapia de Niagara Rosada infetada pelo enrola mento da folha. Clones isentos do vírus do enrolamento da folha das variedades Couderc, Itália e Seyve Villard 5276 foram também obtidos, mas encontram-se infetados por outro vírus. Está sendo organizada coleção de matrizes sadias das variedades de enxerto e de porta-enxerto mais importantes para a viticultura paulista e recomenda-se que um programa de certificação de plantas matrizes e produção de mudas certificadas seja colocado em prática no Estado de São Paulo. Isso seria também de vantagem para outras áreas vitícolas do país.
Title in English
Studies on grapevine leafroll in the State of São Paulo
Abstract in English
The occurrence of a virus disease “enrolamento da folha”, identical to grapevi ne leafroll, in vineyards of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. previously suspected by symptom observation, was experimentally confirmed. The disease is also known by the Portuguese names equivalent to red leaf or yellow leaf disease. tt was also identified in tests with propagative materiaIs from the states of Minas Gerais, Paraná and Santa Catarina. In São Paulo, transmission tests to indicator plants showed that the incidence of leafroll was 100% in the varieties Alphonse Lavallée, Barbera, Bonarda, IAC 138-22, IAC 116-31 (Rainha), Malegue, Muscat Hambur, Niagara, Pink Niagara and Pirovano 87; infection ranged from 40 to 70% in the varieties Couderc, Isabel1a, Italia (Pirovano 65), Seibel 2 and Seyve Villard 5276. Leafroll was present in percentages varying from 25 to 55% in the rootstock varieties Gol ia, Kober 5BB, Rupestris du Lot, 106-8 (Traviú) and 420A; the virus was not present in samples of two new rootstocks IAC 313 and IAC 766. No experimental data are available to indicate the amount of losses caused by the grapevine teafroll virus. But it has been noticed that diseased plants of some varieties show reduction in growth and lower yields than healthy ones. Typical foliar symptoms of leafroll consist of downward roll ing and yellowing or reddening of the leaf blades, depending on the variety, during late summer and falI. Many rootstocks used in São Paulo show no symptoms when infected, and scion varieties may ou may not show them. Thus, tests on indicator varieties are necessary for identification of the disease in most cases. Besides, other agents that cause reddening, yellowing or even rolling of grapevine leaves were recognized. Graft inoculation tests showed that clones of LN-33, Pinot Noir and of new clones obtained from seedlings of Pinot Noir are good Indicators for the leafroll virus under são Paulo conditions. Virus de- tection in these indicators was more reliable when symptoms were observed in mature leaves of shoots of the first spring flush for,med after infection. Negative results were obtained in transmission tests of grapevine leafroll virus by seed and by mechanical means. There Is no evidence for the existence of a vector. No virus particles were observed in ultrathin sections of infected grapevine under the electron microscope. There Is, invariably, perpetuation of the disease by propagation of infected plants. This is the principal cause of the high incidence of leafroll in São Paulo. Control of teafroll can be easily accomplished by use of virus-free stocks. In indexing tests, it was possible to select healthy clones of the scion varieties Isabel1a and Seibel 2 and of the rootstocks Golia, IAC 313, IAC 766, Kober 5BB, Rupestris du Lot, 106-8 and 420A. Healthy clones of Pink Niagara, that was 100% infected with the leafroll virus, were obtained by heat therapy. Plants of Italia, Couderc and Seyve Vil1ard 5276 were selected as leafrol1 vlrus-free, but these were infected with another virus. A collection of virus-free parent plants for propagative material of the most important varieties used in São Paulo as scions and rootstocks is being established. It Is recommended that a certification program of healthy stocks and production of certified plants be carried out in são Paulo. This will be of advantage also for other gràpe cultivating areas of Brasil.
 
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