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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.1973.tde-20240301-152803
Document
Author
Full name
Osvaldo Paradela Filho
Institute/School/College
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1972
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação do comportamento de populações de milho (Zea mays L.) inoculadas artificialmente com os agentes das podridões do colmo e da espiga
Keywords in Portuguese
FUNGOS FITOPATOGÊNICOS
INOCULAÇÃO
MILHO
PODRIDÃO DE ESPIGA
PODRIDÃO-DE-COLMO
POPULAÇÕES VEGETAIS
Abstract in Portuguese
O presente trabalho relata os resultados de avaliações de campo, de podridões do colmo e da espiga causadas por Diplodia zeae e Fusarium moniliforme em diferentes populações de milho. Vinte e nove diferentes populações de milho foram inoculadas com os dois fungos em quatro diferentes experimentos de campo. Estudos sobre podridão de espiga foram realizados somente em um experimento, envolvendo nove populações. Nas mesmas populações foi avaliada a resistência à podridão do colmo em plantas normais e despendoadas. As suspensões de esporos foram inoculadas no colmo com o auxílio de um inoculador especial, e nas espigas, através de pulverização. A leitura dos sintomas foi realizada aproximadamente 80 dias após a inoculação. Os dados de infecção mostraram que aproximadamente 50% das plantas da maioria das populações foram suscetíveis na espiga. O cultivar MEB mostrou a mais alta porcentagem de espigas suscetíveis. Com relação à podridão do colmo os dados mostraram diferenças entre as populações. Entre plantas não despendoadas a taxa de resistência variou de 0,8 a 11,6%. Foi encontrada diferença, com relação à podridão do colmo, entre plantas despendoadas e não despendoadas. A porcentagem de resistência entre as plantas não despendoadas foi mais alta que aquela encontrada para plantas despendoadas. Foi encontrada uma correlação negativa entre porcentagem de resistência e quebramento, nas populações estudadas. A implicação dos resultados do presente trabalho no programa de melhoramento genético é discutida.
Abstract in English
The results of field evaluation on stalk and ear rots Diplodia zeae (Schw) Lev. and Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon in different corn germplasm are reported. Corn plants of 29 different populations were artificially inoculated with the two fungi in four different field experiments. Studies on ear rot were conducted in only one experiment involving nine selected populations. In these same populations stalk rot was evaluated on normal as well as on detasselled plants. The spores were inoculated into the stalk by means of a special inoculator and the ears were sprayed with spore suspension both in plants in the flowering stage· The infection evaluation was made 80 days after inoculation. Roughly 50 percent of the plants for most of the populations were resistant to ear rot. Only the MEB cultivar showed lower frequency of plants resistant to ear rot. In relation to stalk rot the results revealed reduced frequency of plants resistant to the pathogens. The variation on non detasselled plants showing resistance was from 0.8 to 11.6%. It should be pointed out the striking differences on the reaction to inoculation caused by the detasselling of the plants. The frequency of resistance among the non detasselled plants was higher than among detasselled plants. A negative correlation was found between stalk breakage and the percentage of resistance in the population. The implication of the results obtained in the present work to the corn breeding program is discussed. It is suggested that selection for resistance to both kinds of rots should be carried out only in population with reasonable frequency of plants with such resistance. A recurrent selection could be used to improve populations with low frequency as a second step after the introduction of genes for resistance from any source available.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-03-14
 
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