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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.1976.tde-20240301-153731
Document
Author
Full name
José Alberto Gentil Costa Sousa
Institute/School/College
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1976
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Estudo do consumo de água pela cultura da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp)
Keywords in Portuguese
BALANÇO HÍDRICO
CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR
CONSUMO DE ÁGUA
Abstract in Portuguese
A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo principal estudar a evapotranspiração da cultura da cana-de-açúcar, sua relação com a evap.9. raçao do tanque Classe A, o crescimento proporcionado à cultura e as produções de cana e açúcar obtidos sob diferentes regimes de umidade fornecidos ao solo. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com 4 tratamentos e 5 repetições. A variedade usada foi a CB41-76, tendo o plantio se efetuado em 05/03/74, e a colheita em 08/09/75. As irrigações para os tratamentos se iniciaram em julho de 1974, sendo suspensas em junho de 1975. Os tratamentos foram definidos por regimes de umidade proporcionados à cultura através da irrigação por aspersão, baseados em níveis mínimos médios de água disponível do solo, assim é que os tratamentos 1, 2 e 3 correspondiam às parcelas cujo solo tivesse reduzido, respectivamente, 25, 50 e 75% do seu total de água disponível. O tratamento 4 não recebeu irrigação. Os resultados obtidos indicaram o tratamento 3 como o mais adequado as condições de clima e solo desta pesquisa. O consumo total de água pela cultura no período foi de 921,00 mm, sendo o consumo diário médio de 3,28 mm a um nível de água total disponível do solo de 55%. Constatou-se que o número de colmos observado na colheita não influiu na produção, mas sim, o comprimento destes. A maior taxa média de crescimento verificou-se entre o 7º e o 14º mês, quando a média semanal acusou 8,4 cm, sob uma temperatura média do período de 23,2°C. O aumento verificado nas produções de cana e açúcar foram, respectivamente, de 30 e 25%, correspondendo a 30 toneladas de cana e 4 toneladas de açúcar por hectare. Necessitou-se de 116 toneladas de água para a produção de 1 tonelada de cana; e 763 toneladas de água para uma de açúcar. Os resultados alcançados no tratamento 3 desta pesquisa possibilitam sua recomendação para aqueles que pretendem irrigar a cultura da cana-de-açúcar em condições de solo e clima semelhantes às deste experimento.
Abstract in English
This research was conducted in a Dark Red Latossol soil at the Central Sugarcane Experiment Station of Planalsucar (Sugar and Alcohol Institute), in Araras, State of São Paulo. The layout used was randomized blocks with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The variety was CB41-76, planted in March, 1974 and harvested in September, 1975. Treatments 1, 2 and 3 were assigned on the basis of soil depletion of total available water, respectively, of 25, 50, and 75%. Treatment 4 was not irrigated. The objective of the test was to determine the best moisture level for crop development, tillering, stalk diameter, elongation, stalk number, cane and sugar production and to study the evapotranspiration rate and its ratio to the Class A evaporation pan. Water application to the treatments was by sprinkler irrigation, according to the gravimetric test results. The results showed signíficant differences between the non-irrigated and irrigated plots;no significant differences were observed among irrigated plots. Treatment number 3, however gave the most economical gain in this experiment with increases of 30 and 25% of cane and sugar, respectively, 30 and 4.0 tons per hectare over the non-irri gated plots. Water consumption was 921.00 mm with a daily average of 3.28 mm. The total available water in the soil was 55%. The irrigation interval was 11.4 days. Production was influenced by stalk length but not by tillering or stalk diameter. The greatest weekly growth rate observed was 8.4 cm, registered during the period from 7 to 14 months, when the rnedium temperatura was 23.2°C. One hundred sixteen tons of water were used in producing a ton of cane and 763 tons for a ton of sugar. The results obtained in this field experiment indicate that the water regime of treatrnent 3 can be recommended to planters with similar soil and climate conditions as at Araras, where the research was conducted.
 
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2024-03-14
 
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