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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.1977.tde-20240301-154437
Document
Author
Full name
Wilson Badiali Crocomo
Institute/School/College
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1977
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Aspectos bionômicos e danos de Eacles imperialis magnifica Walker, 1856 (Lepidoptera - Attacidae) em cafeeiro
Keywords in Portuguese
CAFÉ
DANOS
LAGARTA-DOS-CAFEZAIS
Abstract in Portuguese
Os surtos de Eacles imperialis magnifica Walker, 1856 vem se destacando como um dos problemas da cafeicultura brasileira nas últimas safras. Devido às dificuldades encontradas no controle dessa praga, pela inexistência de dados básicos, desenvolveu-se a presente pesquisa. Os principais tópicos abordados nesse trabalho foram: biologia, consumo e utilização de alimentos pelas lagartas, aspectos morfológicos e danos causados ao cafeeiro, e a distribuição geográfica da praga no Estado de São Paulo em 1975-76. Obteve-se um ciclo completo de 89,99 dias, cuja fase larval foi de 36,61 dias, sendo observados 5 instares, calculados através da regra de DYAR. O período pupal em laboratório foi de 35,23 ± 7,42 dias, porém, em condições de campo a pupa provavelmente entra em diapausa durante o inverno. Durante a fase larval esse inseto consumiu cerca de 60 gramas de folhas de café, o que corresponde a uma destruição de 0,30 m2 de área foliar. Cerca de 80% dos danos foram causados no 5º instar, sendo necessárias 166 lagartas para destruir todas as folhas de um cafeeiro adulto da variedade mundo novo. É discutida a relação entre o número de lagartas por planta e a redução na produção de café. O adulto apresentou uma longevidade média de 5,29 ± 1,21 dias para machos e 6,65 ± 1,37 dias para as fêmeas, as quais colocaram 198 ovos em 5 posturas. A separação dos sexos pode ser feita facilmente através da pigmentação das asas. Nas pupas essa diferenciação pode ser feita através da observação dos orifícios genitais ainda obliterados ou pela antena. Foram estudados os aspectos morfológicos da fase larval, apresentando-se os esquemas de cada instar, sendo também apresentados os esquemas das genitálias do macho e da fêmea. Como as lagartas se apresentaram de diferentes cores, foram pesquisados os fatores que determinaram essa variação, constatando-se que as lagartas expostas à insolação direta eram verdes enquanto as que se desenvolviam à sombra eram pretas, marrons ou avermelhadas.
Abstract in English
One of the most serious problems of Brazilian coffee crops in the last few seasons has been outbreaks of Eacles imperialis magnifica Walker, 1856. The present study was conducted to provide basic data about this pest in order to improve control procedures. The main topics of this study were: biology, consumption and utilization of foods by larvae, morphological aspects, damages caused to the coffee trees, and the geographical distribution of the pest in the State of São Paulo in 1975-76. A complete life cycle of 89.99 days was observed. The larval phase was of 36.61 days. Using Dyar’s rule, 5 instars were observed. The pupal period was 35.23 ± 7.42 days in the laboratory, however, under field conditions the pupa probably enters in diapause during winter. During the larval phase this insect consumed about 60 g of coffee leaves, which corresponds to a destruction of 0.30 m2 of foliar area. Approximately 80% of the damages were caused by the 5th instar. One hundred and sixty-six larvae were necessary to destroy all of the leaves of an adult coffee tree of the “mundo novo” variety. The relationship between number of larvae per plant and reduction in coffee production is discussed. The adult insect had an average longevity of 5.29 ± 1.21 days for males and 6.65 ± 1.37 days for females, which deposited 198 eggs in 5 ovipositions. The separation by sex was easily made by observing wing pigmentation. ln the pupae this differentiation was made by observing the still obliterated genital orifices or by the antenna. The morphological aspects of the larval phase were studied and drawings of each instar were presented. Also, drawings of male and female genitalia were presented. Since the larvae were of different colors, a study was made of the factors determining this variation. It was shown that the larvae exposed to direct sunlight were green, whereas those which developed in the shade were black, brown or reddish.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-03-14
 
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