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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.1996.tde-20210104-182415
Document
Author
Full name
Jose Roberto de Menezes
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1996
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Controle integrado de Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferr. em Phaseolus vulgaris L. irrigado por pivô central
Keywords in Portuguese
CONTROLE INTEGRADO
FEIJÃO
FUNGOS FITOPATOGÊNICOS
IRRIGAÇÃO POR PIVÔ CENTRAL
MANCHA ANGULAR
Abstract in Portuguese
Avaliou-se a distribuição e a severidade da mancha angular do feijoeiro no Brasil, através da sua quantificação em 72 lavouras, localizadas em 36 municípios de 11 estados. A presença em todas as lavouras amostradas confirma o caracter cosmopolita e endêmico da doença nas principais regiões produtoras de feijão do Brasil. Os danos foram mais intensos nas safras da seca e de inverno. Com relação a curva anual de severidade da mancha angular foram observados resultados semelhantes em 43 lavouras de 6 agroecossistemas irrigados por pivô central, localizadas nos Estados de Goiás, Minas Gerais e Bahia. Em 12 experimentos sobre resistência genética, sistema de cultivo, época de cultivo e controle químico, avaliou-se a eficácia do controle integrado da mancha angular em agroecossistemas com cultivo anual de duas lavouras de feijoeiro irrigadas por pivô central. As cultivares Aporé, Carioca, Emgopa 201-Ouro, Safira e Diamante Negro foram susceptíveis à mancha angular; todavia, diferiram quanto a severidade da doença. A maior e a menor severidade foram observadas nas cultivares Carioca e Aporé, respectivamente. Na segunda lavoura, a mancha angular foi mais severa no plantio direto, provavelmente devido ao inóculo de P. griseola presente nos restos de cultura, os quais foram incorporados no plantio convencional e mantidos na superfície do solo no plantio direto. O controle químico, via pulverização foliar, reduziu a severidade da mancha angular e aumentou a produção em todos os tratamentos. Na segunda lavoura, o tratamento químico da semente com o fungicida benomyl reduziu a severidade da mancha angular até 35 dias após a semeadura. Os fungicidas mancozeb, benomyl, hidróxido de trifenil estanho, tiofanato metílico, chlorothalonil, captan e tebuconazole reduziram a severidade da mancha angular e aumentaram o rendimento da cultivar Carioca. As aplicações aérea e tratorizada de fungicidas superam a fungigação quanto ao controle da mancha angular do feijoeiro comum. Nos agroecossistemas avaliados, a mancha angular foi mais severa no final da primeira lavoura e no início da segunda lavoura. O uso integrado da resistência genética, dos sistemas de cultivo, das épocas de semeadura e do controle químico através do tratamento de sementes e pulverizações foliares, reduziu a severidade de mancha angular e aumentou o rendimento do feijoeiro irrigado por pivô central. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com as seguintes medidas de controle: a) cultivar Aporé; b) plantio direto e convencional para a primeira e a segunda lavouras, respectivamente; c) controle químico através do tratamento da semente e, 4 pulverizações de fungicidas, dos 20 aos 65 DAS, na primeira lavoura e dos 10 aos 50 DAS, na segunda lavoura. Os resultados obtidos nos agroecossistemas Bem Bom, Campos Altos e Beirada comprovam a importância econômica da mancha angular e a eficácia das medidas de controle integrado selecionadas nos experimentos de campo conduzidos na Samambaia Empreendimentos Agrícolas Ltda.
Title in English
Integrated control of Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferr. in Phaseolus vulgaris L. irrigated by center pivot
Keywords in English

Abstract in English
The common bean angular leaf spot severity in Brazil, has been studied in 72 fields localized in 36 towns in 11 states. Its presence in all fields sampled has confirmed its ubiquitous and endemic character of this disease in Brazil. The disease was more severy in the dry and winter crop. Similar results were observed in 43 fields of 6 irrigated agroecosystems by center pivots in the States of Goiás, Minas Gerais and Bahia. In 12 experiments testing the varietal resistance, crop management and chemical control, it was evaluated the efficacy of the integrated control of the angular leaf spot in agroecosystem with two annual crops of common bean irrigated through center pivot. The cultivars Aporé, Carioca, Emgopa 201 Ouro, Safira and Diamante Negro were susceptible to the angular leaf spot, however they differ in respect to the severity of the disease. Aporé and Carioca were the more resistant and susceptible varieties, respectively. In the second crop, the angular leaf spot occurrence was more severe in the no-tillage system, probably due to the continuos presence of P. griseola in the remains of the previous crop, that was incorporated in the soil in the traditional system and was kept in the soil surface during the no-tillage crop. The chemical control reduced the severity of the angular leaf spot and increased the yield in all treatments. In the second crop, the seed treatment with the fungicide benomyl, reduced the severity of the angular leaf spot up to 35 days after the sowing. The fungicides mancozeb, benomyl, fentin hydroxide, methyl thiophane, chlorothalonil, captan and tebuconazole, reduced the severity of the angular leaf spot and increased the yield of the variety Carioca. Due to the efficiency of control and operational advantages, the aerial and conventional tractor spray of fungicides, bettered the fungigation method for the control of angular leaf spot of commom bean. The angular leaf spot was more severe towards the end of the first and at the beginning of the second crop. The integrated use of genetic resistance, crop management, sowing timing and chemical control, by seed treatment and aerial sprays, reduced the severity of the angular leaf spot and increased the yield of irrigated common bean crop by center pivot. The best results were obtained with the following control procedures: a) using Aporé variety; b) no-tillage and traditional systems for the first and second crops, respectively; c) chemical control by seed treatment and four fungicides spraying from the 20th to the 65th days after sowing (DAS), for the first crop, and from the 10th to the 50th DAS, for the second crop. The results obtained in the agroecosystems Bem Bom, Campo Altos e Beirada showed the economic significance of the angular leaf spot and the efficacy of the measures of integrated control utilized in the field experiments performed in Samambaia Empreendimentos Agrícolas Ltda.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-01-07
 
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