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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2001.tde-20231122-092741
Document
Author
Full name
Louise Larissa May De Mio
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2001
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Quantificação de componentes monocíclicos e policíclicos e avaliação de danos causados pela ferrugem do álamo
Keywords in Portuguese
ÁLAMO
DANOS
FERRUGEM
FUNGICIDAS
FUNGOS FITOPATOGÊNICOS
Abstract in Portuguese
A cultura do álamo (Populus spp.) é recente no Brasil e a ferrugem (Melampsora medusae Thuem) do álamo é a doença que ocorre com maior freqüência em viveiros e plantios comerciais. Nenhum estudo epidemiológico foi realizado com a ferrugem do álamo nos plantios brasileiros. Os objetivos desta tese foram avaliar o progresso da doença em diferentes clones de álamo em viveiros e em plantios comerciais, determinar a eficiência de fungicidas no controle da ferrugem, quantificar os componentes monocíclicos da doença sob diferentes condições de ambiente e avaliar os danos causados pelo patógeno na cultura do álamo. Em viveiro de álamo foram avaliadas a suscetibilidade de sete clones à ferrugem, a eficiência de fungicidas no controle da doença e a redução em volume de madeira entre parcelas tratadas ou não com fungicidas. Para isso foi realizado um experimento em plantio comercial, durante dois anos consecutivos. Latorre foi o clone mais suscetível, SJ e Argos, os mais resistentes e Guapiara, SM, JB e Guarani, moderadamente suscetíveis. Os fungicidas cyproconazole, triadimenol e tebuconazole foram os mais eficientes no controle da doença. Houve correlação significativa entre porcentagem de folhas com pústulas e desfolha, indicando a interferência do patógeno na queda antecipada das folhas. Os clones Guapiara, SM, JB, SJ e Argos foram tolerantes à ferrugem enquanto que os clones Guarani, JB e Argos foram tolerantes à desfolha. Plantas do clone Latorre com aplicação de fungicida produziram três vezes mais madeira (em volume), que plantas sem fungicida. Em condições controladas, foi avaliada a influência da temperatura (8 a 31°C) no desenvolvimento da ferrugem em três clones de álamo: Latorre, SM e SJ. A influência da duração do molhamento foliar de 0 a 24 horas na infecção também foi avaliada. A faixa ótima de temperatura para infecção e esporulação foi entre 16 e 21°C, o período latente foi de 6 a 10 dias, dependendo do clone e a freqüência de infecção aumentou com a duração do molhamento no clone suscetível. O tempo mínimo de molhamento foliar necessário para infecção foi de 3 horas. No campo quantificou-se o progresso da epidemia e o crescimento de sete clones dispostos no banco clonal da fazenda São Joaquim, no vale do rio Iguaçu-PR. As avaliações foram feitas mensalmente, de novembro a abril, durante os ciclos de 98/99, 99/00 e 00/01. Foram avaliadas a incidência e a severidade da ferrugem, a duração da área foliar (LAD) e o diâmetro à altura do, peito (DAP). Os clones mais suscetíveis foram Latorre e Guarani, SJ foi resistente e os demais, intermediários. A epidemia foi mais severa no ciclo de 99/00, onde as temperaturas variaram entre 26,5 e 15,5 °C. Não houve relação significativa entre severidade e DAP. Nos clones suscetíveis, a LAD foi relacionada com o DAP com coeficientes de determinação da regressão linear de 0,73 e 0,56 para Guarani e Latorre, respectivamente. O clone Latorre mostrou-se relativamente tolerante à doença pois apesar da elevada severidade, a redução do DAP foi de 5%, enquanto no Guarani a redução do DAP foi de 17%.
Title in English
Quantification of monocycle and polycyclic components and assessment of damage caused by poplar rust
Abstract in English
The poplar (Populus spp.) culture is recent in Brazil and the rust (Melampsora medusae Thuem) is very frequent in stool beds and commercial fields. No epidemiological study was done with rust in Brazilian plantations. The objectives of this thesis were: 1) to assess the disease progress in different clones in stool beds and commercial fields; 2) to determine the efficiency of fungicides in controlling the rust; 3) to quantify the monocycle components of the disease under controlled conditions of temperature and leaf wetness; 4) to assess the damage caused by the pathogen in the culture. The susceptibility of seven clones to rust, the efficiency of fungicides and the reduction in volume of wood between plots, treated or not, with fungicides, were assessed in stool beds in an experiment carried out for two consecutive years. Latorre was the most susceptible clone, SJ and Argos were the most resistant and Guapiara, SM, JB and Guarani, moderately susceptible. The cyproconazole, triadimenol and tebuconazole fungicides were efficient in controlling the disease. There was a significant correlation between the percentage of leaves with pustules and defoliation, showing interference of the pathogen in the premature fallen leaves. The Guapiara, SM, JB, SJ and Argos clones were tolerant to rust while the Guarani, JB and Argos clones were tolerant to defoliation. Plants of clones Latorre that received fungicide spray produced three times more wood (in volume) than plants without fungicides. The influence of temperatures (8 to 31°C) was assessed under controlled conditions in the development of rust in three clones of poplar: Latorre, SM and SJ. Also the influence of leaf wetness duration of 0 to 24 hours was assessed. The optimum range of temperatures for infection and sporulation was between 16 and 21 °C, the latent period ranged from 6 to 10 days, depending on the clone and the frequency of infection increased with the wetness duration in the susceptible clone. The minimum wetness period necessary for infection was 3 hours. The epidemic progress and the growth of seven clones planted in the collection of clones at São Joaquim farm, in the Iguaçu river valley in Paraná State, was quantified. The assessment was realized monthly, from November to April, during the 98/99, 99/00 and 00/01 cycles. The incidence and the severity of rust, the leaf area duration (LAD) and the diameter of the breast height (DBH) was assessed. The most susceptible clones were Latorre and Guarani, SJ was resistant and the others were moderately susceptible. The epidemic was more severe in the 99/00 cycle when the temperature varied from 26.5 and 15.5 °C. No significant relationship was obtained between severity and DBH. In the susceptible clones, the LAD was related with DBH and the coefficient of determination in linear regression was 0.73 and 0.56 in Guarani and Latorre, respectively. The Latorre clone was relatively tolerant to disease because, although there was high severity, the percentage of DBH reduction was only 5% while Guarani showed 17%.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-11-24
 
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