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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2010.tde-23022010-083439
Document
Author
Full name
Daniela Flôres
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2009
Supervisor
Committee
Bedendo, Ivan Paulo (President)
Beriam, Luis Otavio Saggion
Massola Júnior, Nelson Sidnei
Title in Portuguese
Caracterização molecular e análise filogenética do fitoplasma agente do superbrotamento da mandioca (Manihot esculenta) no estado de São Paulo
Keywords in Portuguese
DNA
Filogenia
Fitoplasmas - Análise
Mandioca
Marcador molecular
Reação em cadeia por polimerase
Superbrotamento.
Abstract in Portuguese
A mandioca (Manihot esculenta) é uma das principais culturas exploradas no mundo, sendo o Brasil o segundo maior produtor. Cultivada em todas as regiões brasileiras, a mandioca é importante na indústria e na alimentação humana e animal. Em plantios instalados em campo experimental e comercial, nas cidades de Piracicaba/SP e Bragança Paulista/SP, respectivamente, foram observadas plantas exibindo sintomas de enfezamento generalizado, superbrotamento de ramos, deformação, clorose das folhas e redução do tamanho das folhas. Com base na sintomatologia, suspeitou-se da ocorrência de fitoplasmas nas plantas doentes. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi detectar e identificar possíveis fitoplasmas, bem como demonstrar que estes procariotos são os agentes da doença. Para isto, amostras de plantas sintomáticas e assintomáticas foram coletadas e o DNA total foi extraído e usado em duplo PCR, conduzido com os pares de primers P1/Tint e R16F2n/16R2, visando à detecção de fitoplasmas. A amplificação de fragmentos genômicos de 1,2 Kb a partir do 16S rDNA confirmou a presença de fitoplasmas em 76% das amostras de Piracicaba e em 95% das amostras coletadas em Bragança Paulista. A identificação molecular com o uso de primers específicos demonstrou que todos os fitoplasmas encontrados pertenciam ao grupo 16SrIII. As análises de RFLP, usando-se digestão enzimática dos produtos de duplo PCR com as enzimas de restrição AluI, KpnI, HpaI, HpaII, HhaI, HinfI, MseI e RsaI e as análises filogenéticas, baseadas na sequência nucleotídica do 16S rDNA, revelou que o fitoplasma detectado em todas as amostras positivas eram afiliados ao grupo 16SrIII, subgrupo B. A prova de patogenicidade foi demonstrada pela transmissão experimental do fitoplasma presente em plantas de mandioca para plantas de vinca, por meio de Cuscuta subinclusa. Este é o primeiro relato de que um fitoplasma do grupo 16SrIII-B é o agente causal do superbrotamento em mandioca no Estado de São Paulo.
Title in English
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the phytoplasma agent of the witches' broom of cassava (Manihot esculenta) in São Paulo State.
Keywords in English
Cassava
DNA
Molecular marker
Phylogeny
Phytoplasmas-analysis
Polymerase chain reaction
Witches broom.
Abstract in English
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is one of the main cultures explored in the world and Brazil is the second largest producer. Cultivated in all Brazilian regions, cassava is important in the industry, food and both human and animal feed. In plantings installed on trial and commercial fields located in Piracicaba/SP, Bragança Paulista/SP, respectively, plants have been exhibited symptoms of general stunt, witches broom , and size reduction of leaves with deformation and chlorosis. Based on the symptoms, it has suspected the occurrence of phytoplasmas in diseased plants. Thus, this study has carried on detecting and identifying the presence of phytoplasmas and demonstrates that those prokaryotes are the disease agents. Samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants have been collected and total DNA extracted and used in nested PCR, conducted with primer pairs P1/Tint and R16F2n/16R2 in order to detect phytoplasmas. Amplification of genomic fragments of 1.2 Kb from the 16S rDNA has confirmed the presence of phytoplasmas in 76% of samples from Piracicaba and 95% of samples collected in Bragança Paulista. The molecular identification using specific primers has revealed that all the phytoplasmas found in diseased plants belonged to group 16SrIII. The RFLP analysis, using enzymatic digestion of PCR products with restriction enzymes AluI, KpnI, HpaI, HpaII, HhaI, HinfI, MseI and RsaI and phylogenetic analysis, based on the nucleotide sequence of 16S rDNA has revealed the detected phytoplasma in all positive samples have affiliated to the group 16SrIII, subgroup B. Pathogenicity proof has demonstrated by experimental transmission of the phytoplasma present in cassava plants to periwinkle, through the Cuscuta subinclusa. This is the first report that a phytoplasma group 16SrIII-B is the causal agent of cassava witches broom, in Sao Paulo State.
 
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Publishing Date
2010-03-08
 
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