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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2019.tde-20191108-111336
Document
Author
Full name
Marco Antonio de Souza
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1995
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Fenologia e morfologia reprodutivas de ecótipos de Brachiaria spp.
Keywords in Portuguese

REPRODUÇÃO
BRACHIARIA
FENOLOGIA
MORFOLOGIA VEGETAL
Abstract in Portuguese
A fenologia e morfologia reprodutivas de germoplasma selecionado de Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A Rich.) Stapf (ecótipos BRA 002801, 003361, 003441, 003484,003891 e cv. Marandu) e Brachiaria decumbens Stapf (ecótipo BRA 004391 e cv. Basilisk) foi descrita a fim de caracterizar o mesmo, visando fornecer informações básicas relacionadas com a sua fase reprodutiva. As parcelas foram estabelecidas na Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", em Piracicaba, SP (22°42'33" S; 47°38'00" O; 540msnm) e as observações foram feitas após o início da emissão de inflorescências. Durante o segundo ano de cultivo, com base na data de início de emissão de inflorescências (IEI) e no número de dias após corte de uniformização (ND), os materiais foram classificados em: precoces (B. decumbens cv. Basilisk e BRA 004391, B. brizantha BRA 003891 e 002801) com IEI anterior a 23/dez. ou ND < 70; medianas (B. brizantha cv. Marandu, BRA 003361 e 003484) com IEI entre 01-l0/fev. ou ND entre 110-120; e tardias (B. brizantha BRA 004308 e 003441) com IEI após 12/abr. ou ND > 180 dias. O florescimento no segundo ano ocorreu mais cedo, se comparado com o ano de estabelecimento, demonstrando a presença de uma fase de juvenilidade. Entre os materiais, o pleno florescimento variou de 16/dez. a 13/mai. ou ND de 62 a 210, o início de degrana variou de 30/dez. a 31/mai. ou ND de 76 a 228 e o fim de degrana variou de 04/fev. a 15/jul. ou ND de 112 a 273. Os caracteres morfológicos: número de racemos por inflorescência; comprimento do racemo; e número de espiguetas por racemo, variaram de 3 a 7; 6,8 a 14,6cm; e 31 a 40, respectivamente. A porcentagem de sementes puras (espiguetas com cariopse) produzidas, em função do potencial total de produção por inflorescência, variou de 9 a 45%. A porcentagem de aborto, em função do total de espiguetas desenvolvidas, variou de 53 a 88%. A qualidade das sementes foi analisada através de testes de germinação e de tetrazólio. O presente trabalho demonstrou a presença de uma grande variabilidade, dentro e entre os ecótipos analisados, seja quanto a caracteres de fenologia e morfologia reprodutivas, como de componentes da produção de sementes.
Title in English
Reproductive phenology and morphology of Brachiaria spp. ecotypes
Abstract in English
The phenology and morphology of the reproductive phase of selected germplasm of Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich) Stapf (BRA 002801, 003361, 003441, 003484, 003891 and cv. Marandu) and Brachiaria decumbens Stapf (BRA 004391 and cv. Basilisk), were described and characterized. The experiment was established at the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", in Piracicaba, SP (22°42'33" S; 47°38'00" W; at 540masl) and the data collection started after the beginning of inflorescence emission. Based on the date of the beginning of inflorescence emission (BIE) and on the number of days after an uniformization cut (ND) observed on a second year crop the accessions were classified in: earlier (B. decumbens cv. Basilisk and BRA 004391, B. brizantha BRA 003891 and 002801) presenting BIE before December 23 or ND < 70; medium (B. brizantha cv. Marandu, BRA 003361 and 003484) presenting BIE between February 01 to 10 or ND between 110 -120; and late (B. brizantha BRA 004308 and 003441) with BIE after April 12 or a ND bigger than 180. Compared to the establishment year, flowering happened at earlier dates during the second year, indicating the existence of a juvenile phase. Among the evaluated material, the date for peak flowering ranged between December 16 and May 13 of a ND of 62 to 210. Seed shattering started between December 30 to May 31 or a ND range of 76 to 228, while the end of seed shattering happened from February 04 to July 15 or a ND ranging from 112 to 273. The morphological parameters: number of racemes per inflorescence, raceme length and spikelet number per raceme ranged, respectively, from 3 to 7; 6,8 to 14,6cm; and 31 to 40. Considering the potential number of spkiletes sites in an inflorescence, the percentage of those containing a caryopse varied from 9 to 45 %. Considering the number of fully developed spikeletes the abortion rate ranged from 53 to 88 % Seed quality was measured by germination and tetrazolium tests. The data showed the existence of variability among and within the ecotypes for the reproductive morphology and phenological parameters, and for seed yield components.
 
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Publishing Date
2019-11-08
 
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