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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.1997.tde-20210104-200026
Document
Author
Full name
João Adolfo de Rezende Ponchio
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1997
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Resistência de Bidens pílosa L. aos herbicidas inibidores da enzima acetolactato sintase
Keywords in Portuguese
INIBIDORES DE ENZIMAS
PICÃO PRETO
RESISTÊNCIA AO HERBICIDA
Abstract in Portuguese
Sementes de planta daninha Bidens pilosa L. resistentes e suscetíveis aos herbicida inibidores da enzima acetolactato sintase (ALS), EC 4.1.3.18, foram coletadas de áreas cultivadas com soja nos Estados do Mato Grosso do Sul e Rio Grande do Sul. Experimentos em casa-de-vegetação e de laboratório foram instalados com o objetivo de avaliar a sensibilidade destas populações aos herbicidas inibidores da ALS através de curvas de dose-resposta, para os dados obtidos de plantas inteiras, e para a enzima ALS, extraída "in vitro". Foram testados, também, outros tratamentos com herbicidas de mecanismos da ação diferentes capazes de controlar esta planta daninha. As curvas de dose-resposta em casa-de-vegetação foram estabelecidas pela aplicação dos herbicidas chlorimuron-etil, metsulfuron-metil, imazethapyr e nicosulfuron. As três populações resistentes sofreram uma redução de 50% no crescimento (GR50) à partir de doses dos herbicidas várias vezes superiores em relação às aplicadas nas populações suscetíveis. A enzima ALS extraída das populações resistentes foi insensível aos herbicidas chlorimuron-etil, imazethapyr, pirimidiloxibenzoato e flumetsulan. Concentrações dos herbicidas entre 3 e 22 vezes maiores foram necessárias para provocar a mesma inibição, quando comparadas às populações suscetíveis. O controle das populações resistentes foi muito baixo ou nulo com os herbicidas imazethapyr, chlorimuronetil e flumetsulan nas doses recomendadas. Porém, os herbicidas sulfentrazone, bentazon, lactofen, fomesafen e acifluorfen, sozinhos ou em misturas com herbicidas inibidores da enzima ALS, mostraram controle acima de 95% para todas as populações resistentes. Os resultados permitem concluir que as populações estudados são resistentes aos herbicidas inibidores da enzima ALS. A resistência foi provavelmente provocada por alterações na enzima ALS, tornando-a insensível à inibição causada pelos herbicidas. A resistência é cruzada pois abrange os quatro grupos químicos diferentes testados. O uso de herbicidas com outros mecanismos de ação pode colaborar no manejo da planta daninha Bidens pilosa L. retardando ou evitando o aparecimento de populações de plantas daninhas resistentes em áreas agrícolas.
Title in English
Resistance of Bidens pilosa L. to acetolactate synthase enzyme inhibitor herbicides
Keywords in English

Abstract in English
Seeds of resistant and susceptible populations of the weed Bidens pilosa L. to acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme, EC 4.1.3.18, inhibitor herbicides were collected in soybean areas of Mato Grosso do Sul and Rio Grande do Sul States, Brazil. Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were carried out with the objective of evaluating populations sensitivity using dose response curves for whole plants and for extracted ALS enzyme “in vitro”. It was tested also other herbicides with different mechanims of action able to control this weed. Greenhouse dose-response curves were plotted for chlorimuron-ethyl, metsulfuron-methyl, imazethapyr and nicosulfuron herbicides. Ali resistant populations showed Growth Reduction values (GR50) by rates many times higher than the rates for the susceptible populations. Resistant populations extracted enzymes were insensitive to chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, pyridyloxybenzoate and flumetsulan. Herbicide concentration needed to inhibit extracted enzyme from resistant populations changed from 3 to 22 times higher than extracted enzyme from susceptible populations. Resistant populations contral was too low with imazethapyr, chlorimuron-ethyl and flumetsulan herbicides at recommended rates. Although, sulfentrazone, bentazon, lactofen, fomesafen and acifluorfen herbicides, alone or in tank-mix with ALS inhibitor herbicides, showed more than 95% contral of the resistant populations. The results allowed to conclude that Bidens pilosa L. populations were resistant to ALS enzyme inhibitor herbicides. The resistance was probably due to ALS enzyme alterations becoming it insensitive to herbicide inhibition. The populations insensitivity to different chemical groups with the same mechanism of action showed that the studied populations had cross-resistance. Herbicides with distinct mechanism of action can be useful tool of weed management Bidens pilosa L. in order to delay or control the appearance of resistant weed populations.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-01-07
 
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