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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.1984.tde-20210918-210851
Document
Author
Full name
Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de Castro
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1984
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Tratamentos químicos pós-colheita e critérios de avaliação da qualidade de cravos (<i>Dianthus caryophyllus</i> L.) cv. Scania Red Sim
Keywords in Portuguese
CRAVO
PÓS-COLHEITA
QUALIDADE
TRATAMENTO QUÍMICO
Abstract in Portuguese
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar alguns compostos químicos eficientes para a manutenção da qualidade e prolongamento da longevidade de cravos cortados. Três critérios de avaliação da manutenção da qualidade de flores colhidas, aplicados simultâneamente à cravos submetidos a tratamentos com sacarose 4 e 16% e água destilada foram testados, visando a seleção daquele mais adequado. Entre os critérios analisados optou-se pela utilização do critério de notas devido a sua maior precisão e facilidade de uso, embora os demais critérios também tenham se mostrado adequados. Em ensaios com compostos químicos foram utilizados cravos totalmente abertos, cultivar Scania Red Sim, colhidos no período matutino, selecionados e submetidos a tratamentos de condicionamento com água fria (15°C) por três horas. Sob condições padrões de laboratório (temperatura 21 &#177; 2°C, 16 horas de luz, intensidade luminosa de 1.500 lux e circulação de ar), sucessivos ensaios com compostos químicos foram implantados. Durante as quatro etapas experimentais foram utilizados os seguintes tratamentos: controle (água destilada), sulfato de magnésio 20 e 40 ppm, ácido giberélico 40 e 50 ppm, nitrato de potássio 20 e 40 ppm, citocinina (5-benzil-aminopurina) 5 e 10 mg/1, sacarose 2, 4, 8 e 16%, 8-hidroxiquinolina 200, 400 e 500 ppm, thiabendazole (Tecto 40-F) 250, 500 e 750 ppm, tiossulfato de prata 50 e 1.000 ppm, nitrato de prata 50 e 1.000 ppm e cloreto de cobalto 50 e 800 ppm. Em todas as etapas utilizou-se um delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado, implantando-se sete tratamentos com quatro repetições. Cada repetição constou de cinco flores, o que perfez vinte flores por tratamento. As flores foram diariamente avaliadas através de critério de notas, participando do processo dois avaliadores. Os parâmetros mensurados referiram-se ao período de manutenção da qualidade comercial, longevidade total e absorção de soluções. Em relação aos tratamentos efetuados e observando-se os resultados obtidos nas condições experimentais adotadas, foi concluído que a utilização de alguns dos compostos favoreceu a manutenção da qualidade de cravos colhidos. Quanto a sua ação os compostos puderam ser classificados em altamente eficientes, moderadamente eficientes, pouco eficientes ou ineficientes. Os compostos altamente eficientes incluíram o tiossulfato de prata e a sacarose e os ineficientes abrangeram o sulfato de magnésio, o ácido giberélico e o nitrato de potássio. O tiossulfato de prata 1.000 ppm em tratamentos de ?pulsing? foi recomendado visando o prolongamento dos períodos de manutenção da qualidade comercial e da longevidade total. A sacarose foi recomendada para o prolongamento da longevidade. Já com o intuito de se elevar a taxa de absorção de soluções e consequentemente se estabelecer o balanço hídrico, recomendou-se em ordem decrescente, o uso de sacarose 8 ou 16%, 8-hidroxiquinolina 600 ppm, tiossulfato de prata 50 ppm, cloreto de cobalto 50 ppm e o nitrato de prata 50 ppm. Foi ainda verificado que a utilização de germicidas apenas (8-hidroxiquinolina e thiabendazole) não favoreceu a manutenção da qualidade das flores. Desse modo foi indicado o seu uso em associação com a sacarose ou com o tiossulfato de prata para a possível expressão de uma ação aditiva benéfica.
Title in English
Postharvest chemical treatments and quality evaluation criteria for carnation flowers (<i>Dianthus caryophyllus</i> L.) cv. Scania Red Sim
Abstract in English
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of different chemical preservative treatments on both keeping quality and enhancing the overall storage life of cut carnation flowers. Three methods of measuring quality were tested in an attempt to select the best one. Comparisons were made with carnation flowers treated with O (control), 4 and 16% sucrose solutions. The objective method of quality evaluation (rating scale) was found to be the simplest and the most accurate. Although the other methods had not been choosen, they could also been used as a method of quality evaluation. Fully-opened cut carnation flowers of the ?Scania Red Sim? cultivar were used in all of the following experiments. The flowers were harvest early in the morning and carefully handled and transported from the field into the laboratory. After being sorted, they were conditioned in vases with 15°C water for a 3-hour period. Under standard lab conditions (21°C &#177; 2°C, light intensity of 1.500 lux, 16 light-hours and normal air circulation), four series of tests were run. The treatments used are as follows: a) control (distillated water); b) 20 and 40 ppm magnesium sulfate; c) 40 and 60 ppm gibberellic acid; d) 20 and 40 ppm potassium nitrate; e) 2, 4, 8 and 16% sucrose; f) cytokinin (6-benzyl-aminopurine) at 5 and 10 mg/1; g) 200, 400 and 600 ppm 8-hydroxyquinoline; h) 250, 500 and 750 ppm thiabendazole; i) 50 and 1.000 ppm silver thiosulfate; j) 50 and 1.000 ppm silver nitrate and k) 50 and 800 ppm cobalt chloride. Five flowers per replication and four replicates per each of treatments were used. Consequently there was a total of twenty cut carnation flowers per treatment. Appropriate analysis of variance of the data was performed using the completely randomized design. During the chemical preservative treatments, cut carnations were evaluated daily for the overall quality, vase life and solution uptake by the flower stems. These analyses were performed by using the rating scale and based on the judgment of two panelists. The results showed that the keeping quality of Scania Red Sim cut carnation flowers, was enhanced by treating them with vase-solutions of varying chemical composition. According their mode of action, the chemical preservatives were classified as follows: highly efficient, moderately efficient, slightly efficient or inefficient. Amang the highly efficient solutions were the silver thiosulfate and sucrase and the inefficient ones, were the magnesium sulfate, gibberellic acid and patassium nitrate. Visual effects of 1.000 ppm silver thiasulfate in pulsing treatments could be discerned on lengthening the storage period as well as on maintaining the flower commercial qualities. Chemical preservatives also improved the solution uptake by cut carnation flowers. The most efficient being sucrase at 8 and 16%, followed by 600 ppm of 8-hydraxyquinaline, 50 ppm of silver thiosulfate, 50 ppm af cobalt chlaride and, finally, silver nitrate at 50 ppm. The use of germicides (8-hydraxyquinaline or thiabendazole) alone, did not favour the quality nor the vase life of cut flowers. However, a combination of these germicides with other compounds (sucrose or silver thiosulfate) could have beneficial effects on the overall storage-life of cut carnations.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-09-18
 
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