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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.1985.tde-20231122-100516
Document
Author
Full name
Luciano Souza Paes Cruz
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1984
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Efeitos de herbicidas incorporados ao solo na emergência e desenvolvimento inicial do algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Keywords in Portuguese
ALGODÃO
DESENVOLVIMENTO VEGETAL
HERBICIDAS
SOLOS
Abstract in Portuguese
A presente pesquisa foi conduzida em casa-de-vegetação da Seção de Algodão do Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, São Paulo, com o objetivo de se estudar o efeito da aplicação de herbicidas incorporados ao solo, registrados no Ministério da Agricultura, e em uso no Brasil, na emergência e no desenvolvimento inicial de algodoeiros do cultivar IAC- 20. Os herbicidas trifluralin, pendimethalin, alachlor, napropamide, vernolate, EPTC, molinate, butylate e dichlobenil, foram aplicados em pré-plantio, incorporados ao solo, em três doses: a recomendada comercialmente, e duas e quatro vêzes essa dose comparados ainda com uma testemunha sem herbicida. A aplicação dos herbicidas foi realizada com pulverizador tipo Wilcox, com capacidade para 50 ml, munido de bico de jato plano, da série 72.0077, acoplado a um compressor capaz de manter a pressão de 2,8 kg/cm2 durante as aplicações, fornecendo um volume de calda correspondente a 300 litros/ha. Foram considerados os seguintes parâmetros: sintomas de fitotoxicidade aos 10, 28 e 75 dias após a emergência das plântulas; velocidade de emergência; emergência, altura das plantas aos 10 e 75 dias da emergência; diâmetro do caule aos 28 e 75 dias da emergência; número de folhas aos 75 dias após a emergência; peso verde e peso seco da parte aérea e das raízes aos 75 dias após a emergência. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que os herbicidas trifluralin e pendimethafin não influíram na parte aérea das plantas e causaram uma tendência ao engrossamanto do coleto, bem como diminuição de raízes laterais na zona de incorporação; os algodoeiros mostraram-se sensíveis ao alachlor nos primeiros 28 dias, com prejuízo na parte aérea e nas raízes; napropamide influiu pouco no desenvolvimento da parte aérea das plantas e inibiu o crescimento de raízes laterais na zona de incorporação; e os tiocarbamatos (vernolate, EPTC, molinate e hutylatel inibiram o desenvolvimento das plantas drasticamente, com o aparecimento de sintomas característicos, chegando a causar a morte de algumas delas; inibiram o crescimento de raízes laterais e favoreceram o aparecimento de raízes adventícias, principalmente nas doses mais elevadas. A dose quádrupla de trifluralin e butylate, e todas as doses de alachlor, vernolate, EPTC e molinate, prejudicaram a velocidade de emergência. A emergência foi prejudicada somente por butylate na dose quádrupla. A altura das plantas foi reduzida por alachlor e pelos tiocarbamatos aos 10 dias da emergência e pelas doses duplas e quádrupla de EPTC e quádrupla de vernolate, aos 75 dias. Trifluralin e pendimethalin, nas doses dupla e quádrupla, apresentaram um entumecimento do coleto, enquanto napropamide, na dose quádrupla, apresentou uma tendência ao engrossamento, no início do desenvolvimento das plantas, sendo certo que aos 75 dias esse efeito persistia somente com pendimethalin na dose quádrupla. O número de plantas foi afetado por molinate, pelas doses dupla e quádrupla de EPTC e dose quádrupla e vernolate. O peso verde de folha foi prejudicado pela dose quádrupla de vernolate, EPTC e molinate, enquanto o peso seco somente por molinate; o peso verde de raízes pelas doses dupla e quádrupia de EPTC e quádrupla de vernolate e molinate, enquanto o peso seco não foi afetado pelos herbicidas. Dichlobenil não permitiu a emergência das plântulas, em todas as doses tratadas. Generalizando, pode-se concluir que, em ordem crescente, os prejuízos causados aos algodoeiros foram os seguintes: trifluralin = pendimethalin = napropamide < alachlor < butylate < vernolate < EPTC < molinate <<< dichlobenil.
Title in English
The effects of herbicides incorporated in the soil in emergency and initial development of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Abstract in English
The research took place in a greenhouse of the Cotton Department of the “Instituto Agronômico”, Campinas, São Paulo, with the objective of studying the effect of the application of herbicides incorporated into the soil, registered in the Ministry of Agriculture, and in use in Brazil, in the inicial development of the cotton plant of the variety IAC-20. The following herbicides: trifluralin, pendimethalin, alachlor, napropamide, vernolate, EPTC, molinate, butylate and dichlobenil were applied pre-plant incorporated, in three rates: the commercially recommended one, the double and the quadruple that rate, also an untreated check. The application of the herbicides was done with a Wilcox type sprayer, with capacity for 50 ml , supplied with a flat jet nozzle, serie 73.0077, joined to a compressor wich is capable of maintaining the pressure of 2,8kg/cm2 during the application, giving a volume corresponding to 300 liters/ha. The following parameters were considered: phytotoxicity symptoms on 10th, 28th and 75th day after the emergency; speed of emergency ; emergency, plants hight on the 10th and 75th day of emergency; stem diameter on the 28th and 75th day of emergency; leaf number on the 75th day after emergency; green matter weight and dry matter weight of the plant and of the roots on the 75th day after the emergency. From results obtained it was concluded that trifluralin and pendimethalin didn’t have any influence on the aerial part of the plants, and they caused a tendency of thickening of the collar and a decrease of the lateral roots in the incorporation area; the cotton-plant were sensible to alachlor in the first 28 days, damage of the aerial part and the roots; the napropamide had little influence in the development of the aerial part of the plants and inhibited the growth of lateral roots in the incorporation area; and the thiocarbamates (vernolate, EPTC, molinate and butylate) inhibited the development of the plants, drastically, with the appearance of characteristic symptoms, even causing the death of someones, they inhibited the growth of the lateral roots and contributed the appearance of strange roots, mainly in higher rates. The quadruple rate of the trifluralin and butylate, and all the rates of alachlor, vernolate, EPTC and molinate prejudiced the speed of emergency. The emergency was prejudiced only by butylate, in the quadruple rate. The weight of the plants was reduced by alachlor and thiocarbamates on the 10th day of emergency and the double and quadruple rates of EPTC and quadruple rate of vernolate, on the 75th day. Trifluralin and pendimethalin, in the double and quadruple rates presented a thickening of the collar, while napropamide in the quadruple rate presented a tendency to tickening, at the beginning of the development of the plants, but on the 75th day that effect continued only with pendimethalin in the qradruple rate. The number of plants was affected by roolinate, by the double and quadruple rates and by the quadruple of vernolate. Then green weight of the plants was prejudiced by the quadruple rate of vernolate, EPTC and molinate and the green weight of the roots by the double and quadruple rates of EPTC and quadruple of vernolate and molinate, while the dry weight was not affected by the herbicides. The dichlobenil didn´t permit the emergency of the plantules, in all the tested rates. We can conclude that in growing order, the damages caused to the cotton-plants were as follows: trifluralin = pendimethalin = napropamide < alachlor < buty-late < vernolate < EPTC < molinate <<< dichlobenil.
 
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2023-11-24
 
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