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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.1995.tde-20231122-100806
Document
Author
Full name
Ricardo Augusto Dias Kanthack
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1995
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Efeito de doses e modos de aplicação de potássio em características agronômicas da soja
Keywords in Portuguese
CARACTERÍSTICAS AGRONÔMICAS
DELINEAMENTO EXPERIMENTAL
FERTILIZANTES POTÁSSICOS
POTÁSSIO
SOJA
Abstract in Portuguese
Com objetivo de se estudar os efeitos de doses de potássio, bem como as modalidades de sua aplicação em área total em pré-semeadura, no sulco de semeadura, e em parcelamento na semeadura e em cobertura aos 30 dias após a emergência, sobre caracteres agronômicos da cultura da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril), instalou-se um ensaio em Piracicaba SP), Campus da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”-USP, em LVe textura média com 0,07 meq de K+ no solo. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições, com os tratamentos distribuídos em fatorial 3x4 (doses x modos), com 4 tratamentos adicionais que consistiram na não adição e parcelamentos de K2O. Dos resultados, pôde-se concluir que, as doses, os modos de aplicação e parcelamentos de doses de K2O no solo, tiveram efeitos significativos para a estimativa da área foliar, índice área foliar, taxa assimilatória líquida, taxa de crescimento cultural e acúmulo da massa seca da parte aérea da soja. Entretanto, tais efeitos não influíram significativamente na produção, teores de óleo, proteínas e micronutrientes nos grãos. As doses e o parcelamento de 30 + 90 kg de K2O/ha no sulco de semeadura e aos 30 dias da emergência aumentaram os teores de K+ nos grãos. Foram obtidas correlações significativas para os teores de P, K+, Ca++ e Mg++ nos tecidos foliares, em função de doses e modos de aplicação e parcelamento do K2O. As doses de K2O interferiram significativamente no acúmulo de massa seca nos períodos de 28 a 56 dias da emergência, e por ocasião da maturação fisiológica; no peso das folhas, observou-se o efeito de doses até os 70 dias da emergência. O modo de aplicação de K2O mostrou efeitos significativos para o peso de hastes e vagens aos 140 dias da emergência. Obtiveram-se correlações significativas para os teores de P no solo e nos tecidos foliares devido aos modos e doses de aplicação do K2O. A exportação de macronutrientes pelos grãos, considerando a produtividade média do ensaio de 3.168 kg/ha, encontra-se dentro das amplitudes de valores observadas por outros pesquisadores. Para os micronutrientes, obtiveram-se valores diferenciados para Fe (215 g/ha), Zn (124 g/ha) e B (95g/ha).
Title in English
Effect of the dosis and methods of application of potassium in agronomic characteristics of soybean
Abstract in English
The unavailability of potassium for the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) crop under several soil condition in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, may be induced by the excess of liming and long term utilization of inadequate fertilizer formulas, in addition to erosion, leaching and the cultivation of highly yielding cultivars with high K+ demand. Up to now, soybean yield decreases and nutritional desorders symptoms were assumed to be due to stink bug atack or even failure in polinization and/or fertilization. A field trial was carried out in Piracicaba, SP at the ESA “Luiz de Queiróz” campus, in a LVe soil with 0,07 meq available K+. The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of amounts of applied K+ in the soil on the agronomic characteristics of soybeans plants. Potassium was applied in three differents ways: a) incorporated into soil before sowing, b) distributed in the sowing row with the seeds, c) sidedressed one month after emergence. The experiment design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications and treatments were arranged in a factorial 3 x 4 (dosis vs. time of K+ application) plus four additional treatments: three of sidedressing and one control without K+. No effects were observed for applied K+ on grain yield, protein, oil and micronutrients contents in the seeds. Applied K+ on sidedressing (60 kg K+/ha) increased K content in the seeds. Significant correlations were obtained for leaf P, K+, Ca++ and Mg++ as function of amounts and times of K+ application. Amounts of applied potassium influenced significantly on the dry matter yields of aerial parts from 28 to 56 days and then also after 140 days post germination; and on the leaves from 28 to 70 day after germination. Shoot and pod weight at 140 days after germination were influenced for K application, as well. Soil P determined in post harvest and P in the leaves were also influenced by added K+. The accumulation of macronutrients in the grains, considering an average productivity of 3,168 kg/ha, was found to be within the range of values observed by other researchers, whereas it was differentiated for Fe (215 g/ha), Zn (124 g/ha) and B (95 g/ha).
 
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