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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2004.tde-27082004-171001
Document
Author
Full name
Marcelo Fontanetti Verdial
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2004
Supervisor
Committee
Minami, Keigo (President)
Costa, Cyro Paulino da
Furlani, Pedro Roberto
Passos, Francisco Antonio
Scarpare Filho, Joao Alexio
Title in Portuguese
Frigoconservação e vernalização de mudas de morangueiro (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) produzidas em sistema de vasos suspensos.
Keywords in Portuguese
carboidratos (teor)
cultivo protegido
morango
mudas (produção)
sistema de produção
variedades vegetais
vernalização
Abstract in Portuguese
Com o objetivo de estudar o sistema de produção de mudas de morangueiro em vasos suspensos e a aplicação das técnicas de frigoconservação e vernalização nas mudas produzidas nesse sistema, foram realizados quatro experimentos no Departamento de Produção Vegetal, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba/SP, no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2000 e junho de 2003. No primeiro experimento comparou-se o sistema de produção de mudas em vasos suspensos com o sistema convencional. Foram avaliados: matéria seca, teor de carboidratos totais e percentagem de sobrevivência de mudas. Foram utilizadas as cultivares IAC-Campinas, Pelican e IAC-Guarani. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em esquema fatorial 3x2 (três cultivares e dois sistemas de produção de mudas), com três repetições. As mudas produzidas em vasos suspensos apresentaram maior percentagem de sobrevivência e maiores teores de carboidratos totais. O segundo e terceiro experimentos tiveram como objetivo avaliar o uso da técnica de frigoconservação em mudas produzidas no sistema de vasos suspensos. As mudas foram acondicionadas em sacos de polietileno e frigoconservadas durante 120 dias em uma B.O.D. a -1 + 1oC. Foram então retiradas da câmara fria e plantadas em bandejas de poliestireno expandido de 128 células preenchidas com vermiculita. As bandejas foram colocadas em uma câmara nebulizadora, onde permaneceram por 21 dias para enraizamento. Em seguida foram transplantadas para vasos de 250ml e levadas para casa de vegetação. Foi avaliada a percentagem de sobrevivência das mudas. No segundo experimento utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso com cinco cultivares (IAC-Campinas, Dover, Pelican, Sequoia e Sweet Charlie) e nove repetições. No terceiro experimento foi utilizado o esquema fatorial 5x2 (cinco cultivares: IAC-Campinas, Oso Grande, Camarosa, Dover e Sweet Charlie; e dois tratamentos de enraizamento: com e sem ácido indol butírico) com quatro repetições. O sistema de frigoconservação adotado apresenou desempenho insatisfatório devido à baixa percentagem de sobrevivência das mudas. O quarto experimento estudou o efeito da vernalização em mudas de cinco cultivares de morangueiro produzidas no sistema de vasos suspensos. As mudas foram plantadas em vasos de 250 ml, preenchidos com substrato formulado com areia e vermiculita (4:1) e mantidas em casa de vegetação durante seis meses. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o fatorial 5x2, com cinco cultivares (IAC-Campinas, Dover, Sweet Charlie, Cartuno e Oso Grande) com e sem vernalização das mudas, com quatro repetições. Para vernalização, as mudas foram levadas para câmara fria, à temperatura de 10 + 2ºC, e fotoperíodo de 10 h de luz/dia, durante 28 dias. Em seguida, foram transplantadas para dois locais de cultivo com características climáticas distintas, Piracicaba,SP e Caldas,MG. Foram avaliadas as percentagens de sobrevivência, florescimento, frutificação e emissão de estolhos e o peso da matéria fresca e número de frutos produzidos por planta. A sobrevivência de mudas não foi afetada pela vernalização em nenhuma das localidades. Houve efeito significativo no florescimento e na frutificação das plantas vernalizadas apenas em Piracicaba. O estolonamento de plantas foi mais precoce em Piracicaba. Para todas as cultivares a produção de frutos foi e insignificante e comercialmente inviável em ambas as localidades.
Title in English
Storage cold and vernalization of strawberries runner (fragaria x ananassa duch.) produced in suspend pots system.
Keywords in English
strawberry
carbohydrates (content)
production systems
protect cultivation
runners (production)
varieties vegetables
vernalization
Abstract in English
With the objective of studying the runners production system in suspended pots under protected cultivation and the application of techniques of stored cold and vernalization of runners produced by this system, four experiments were conducted in the Department of Crop Production, ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP-Brazil. In the first experiment it was compared the conventional strawberry runners production system with the runner production system in suspended pots. For that, it was measured the dry matter and carbohydrates contents in runners and the survival percentage when the runner were transplanted to field production areas. The cultivars IAC-Campinas, Pelican and IAC-Guarani were used, in an experimental design of factorial arrangement 3x2 (three cultivars and two runners production systems), three replications. The runners produced by the system of suspended pots accumulated higher amount of total carbohydrates and the plant survival rate. The second and third experiments had the objective of evaluating the use of a technique of storage cold in runners produced in the system of suspended pots. After the selection, the runners were conditioned in polyethylene bags and storage cold conditions for 120 days in a B.O.D. at -1+1ºC. After that they were removed of the cold camera and planted in trays of expanded polystyrene of 128 cells with vermiculite. The trays were put in a spray chamber 21 days for rooting. After that hey were transplanted to pots of 250mL and then placed in the greenhouse. It was evaluated the percentage of runners survival. In the second experiment it was used the experimental entirely random design, five strawberry cultivars (IAC-Campinas, Dover, Pelican, Sequoia and Sweet Charlie), and nine repetitions. In the threat experiment the factorial outline used was 5x2 (five cultivars: IAC-Campinas, Big Oso, Camarosa, Dover and Sweet Charlie; and two treatments: with and without indol butyric acid) with four repetitions. The storage cold of strawberry runners produced in system of suspended pots lower percentage of survival of seedlings in the two experiments. Therefore, the system of storage cold was not compatible with the type of storage runners. The fourth experiment had the objective of studying the effect of the runner vernalization of five strawberry cultivars produced in suspended pot system. In order to have availability of strawberry runners during the off season, they were planted in pots of 250 mL, filled out with substrate formulated with sand and vermiculite (4:1) and kept in the greenhouse for six months. Completely randomized blocks with the factorial design 5x2, with five strawberry cultivars (IAC-Campinas, Dover, Sweet Charlie, Cartuno and Big Oso) and two treatments (with and without strawberry runners vernalization). For vernalization, the strawberry runners were taken from cold camera to the temperature of 10 + 2ºC, and fotoperiod of 10 h of light/day for 28 days. After that, they were transplanted for two cultivation places with different climatic conditions, Piracicaba/SP and Caldas/MG. They were analyzed the survival percentages, flower blooming, fructification and emission of stolons and the weight and number of fruits produced by plant. The strawberry runners survival was not affected by the vernalization in none of the places. There were only significant effect on flower appearance and fructification of the vernalized plants, only in Piracicaba. The runner emitions were earlier in Piracicaba. For all strawberry cultivars the production of fruits was very low and the produced fruits were unsuitable for commercialization in both places.
 
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Publishing Date
2004-08-30
 
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