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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2019.tde-20191220-125514
Document
Author
Full name
João Tomé de Farias Neto
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1995
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Potencialidade de progênies F4:3 e F5:3 derivadas de cruzamentos em cadeia para produtividade de óleo em soja
Keywords in Portuguese
CRUZAMENTO VEGETAL
PRODUTIVIDADE
PROGÊNIES
SELEÇÃO
SOJA
TEOR DE ÓLEO
Abstract in Portuguese
Progênies F4:3 e F5:3 provenientes de duas séries de cruzamentos em cadeia envolvendo 40 parentais foram avaliadas com a finalidade de determinar o potencial genético das mesmas, visando a prática de seleção para aumento do teor e produtividade de óleo em soja. Na cadeia mista, cada um dos 20 cruzamentos envolveu um parental adaptado e um exótico. Na cadeia adaptada, todos os 20 parentais eram genótipos adaptados. A avaliação experimental dos parentais, testemunhas e das progênies foi realizada em Piracicaba - SP (Latitude 22° 42' Sul) nos anos agrícolas 1991/92 e 1992/93. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos aumentados, sendo a parcela experimental representada por uma fileira de 2,0 x 0,6 m. Foram avaliadas 60 progênies/cruzamento F4:3, totalizando 2400 progênies; um total de 2000 progênies F5:3 foram testadas, correspondendo a 50 progênies/cruzamento. Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres: número de dias para a maturidade (NDM), altura da planta na maturidade (APM), acamamento (Ac), valor agronômico (VA), produtividade de grãos (PG), teor de óleo nas sementes (%OL) e produtividade de óleo (PO). Os resultados das análises de variância permitiram concluir que o delineamento em blocos aumentados apresentou precisão semelhante comparativamente a outros delineamentos, visto que os coeficientes de variação experimental obtidos estão dentro dos limites aceitáveis e encontrados em pesquisa com soja. A alta significância encontrada para tratamentos regulares (progênies) nas análises de variância e a constatação de variabilidade remanescente após a seleção para os caracteres avaliados, permitem antever progressos com práticas seletivas. Na avaliação de PG, o cruzamento EMGOPA-301 x IAC-9 mostrou ótimo desempenho produtivo, com progênies aptas a participarem de testes de produtividade visando à liberação de novos cultivares e/ou servirem de parentais para um novo ciclo de seleção. Quanto ao caráter %OL, os cruzamentos FT81-2129 x Cobb, Cobb x BR-8 e BR 80-15725B-s x Planalto-s apresentaram as maiores médias. Tanto em F4:3 quanto em F5:3, as estimativas de média e variância foram geralmente superiores para a cadeia adaptada, exceto para o caráter %OL, que apresentou médias semelhantes nas duas cadeias e variâncias superiores na cadeia mista. As estimativas dos coeficientes de correlação genética foram positivas e altas entre os caracteres NDM, APM, Ac, VA, PG e PO. Entre esses caracteres e %OL, a correlação genética foi praticamente nula, indicando que a seleção para o acréscimo na média de um caráter poderá ou não alterar a média do outro. As maiores estimativas médias dos coeficientes de herdabilidade no sentido amplo ocorreram nos caracteres NDM, Ac, VA e %OL; já os caracteres PG (h2 = 30%) e PO (h2 = 34%) apresentaram as menores estimativas. Os ganhos esperados com intensidades variáveis de seleção foram semelhantes para PG e PO e, também, superiores ao obtido para %OL.
Title in English
Potentiality of F3:4 and F3:5 progenies derived from chain crosses for soybean oil yield
Abstract in English
Progenies F3:4 and F3:5 from two series of chain crosses involving 40 parents were evaluated in order to have their genetical potential determined to increase both content and yield of soybean oil. In the mixed chain of 20 crosses, each cross involved one adapted and one exotic parent. In the adapted chain of 20 crosses, all the 20 parents were adapted genotypes. The experimental evaluation of parents, checks and progenies was accomplished in Piracicaba, SP (Latitude 22° 42' South) in the 1991/92 and 1992/93 seasons. An augmented block design was performed and the experimental plot was represented by a 2.0 x 0.6 m row. Sixty F3:4 progenies per cross, totaling 2400 progenies, were evaluated; a total of 2000 F3:5 progenies, corresponding to 50 progenies per cross were tested. The following characters were evaluated: number of days to maturity (NDM), plant height at maturity (APM), lodging (Ac), agronomic value (AV), grain yield (PG), seed oil content (%OL), and oil yield (PO). The results of the analysis of variance showed that the augmented block design presented similar accuracy in comparison with other designs since the coefficients of the experimental variation obtained were within acceptable limits and compatible with those found in researches with soybean. The high significance found for regular treatments (progenies) in the variance analyses and the remaining variability verified after selection for the evaluated characters indicate the possibility to obtain progress through selective practices. For the PG evaluation, EMGOPA-301 x IAC-9 cross showed the best yield performance, having progenies liable to participate in tests of agronomic performance aiming the release of new cultivars and/or to be used as parents in a new selection group. The FT 81-2129 x Cobb, Cobb x BR-8 and BR 80-15725B-s x Planalto-s crosses presented highest averages for %OL. In F3:4 and F3:5 generations, the mean and variance estimates were generally greater in the adapted chain, except for the %OL, which character showed similar means in both chains and superior variances in the mixed chain. Estimates of the genetic correlation coefficients were positive and high between NDM, APM, Ac, VA, PG, and PO. Between these characters and %OL the correlations were practically null, thus, indicating that selection for increasing mean of a character will or not induce any change in the mean of another character. The highest mean estimates of the coefficient of heritability in a broad sense was observed for NDM, APM, Ac, VA and %OL. For PG (h2 = 30%) and PO (h2 = 34%), the lowest estimates were found. The expected gain with variable selection intensities were similar for PG and PO, and both were greater than the gain obtained for %OL.
 
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Publishing Date
2019-12-20
 
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