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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.1982.tde-20210918-201206
Document
Author
Full name
Faustino Andreola
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1982
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Micorrizas vesiculares-arbusculares em cana-de-açúcar
Keywords in Portuguese
CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR
FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS
MICORRIZA
Abstract in Portuguese
Pesquisaram-se os fungos micorrízicos do tipo vesicular-arbuscular de ocorrência natural, associados às raízes de cana-de-açúcar, através de um levantamento qualitativo e quantitativo desses fungos, bem como de sua variação numérica em função da variação da temperatura e da umidade, aplicação de adubação mineral e de vinhaça. De todos os fatores estudados, os que mais influenciaram sobre o desenvolvimento das micorrizas vesiculares-arbusculares, foram a variação da temperatura e da umidade. Nenhuma interação foi observada em relação a P, K, Ca, Mg e pH, incluindo a vinhaça, com número de esporos e percentagem de infecção micorrízica em cana-de-açúcar. Verificou-se um elevado número de esporos (433-1620 esporos/100 ml de solo) e um baixo índice de infecção das raízes (3-45%). Embora a quantidade de esporos tenha sido bastante elevada, houve pequena variação de espécies encontradas. Foram encontrados apenas os fungos <i>Acaulospora scrobiculata</i>, <i>Gigaspora gilmorei</i>, <i>Glomus fasciculatus</i> e <i>Glomus leptotichus</i>, além de uma espécie de <i>Gigaspora</i>, ainda não descrita. Foram feitos ainda dois ensaios em casa-de-vegetação, usando-se solo de canavial. No primeiro ensaio, usou-se apenas solo natural e solo autoclavado. No segundo, usou-se solo natural, solo esterilizado por 4 métodos diferentes, solo esterilizado pelos mesmos 4 métodos, recebendo, entretanto, suspensão de solo filtrado e um tratamento com solo estéril, recebendo inóculo de <i>Gigaspora gilmorei</i>. No primeiro ensaio, verificou-se uma diminuição de desenvolvimento das plantas no solo natural provavelmente devido à grande incidência de patógenos como: <i>Pratylenchus zeae</i>, <i>Fusarium</i> spp. e <i>Pythium</i> spp. cujas lesões excediam a 50% das raízes. No segundo experimento tomaram-se dados de altura das plantas 60 dias após o transplante. Apenas o tratamento com solo natural diferiu de todos os outros, mostrando desenvolvimento menor.
Title in English
Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in sugarcane
Abstract in English
This dissertation presents a qualitative and quantitative survey of naturally occurring vesicular-arbuscular fungi in the rhizosphere of sugarcane. Spore number variations were studied in relation to temperature and rainfall of the growing season and the effect of vinasse application and mineral fertilizers upon spore numbers and root infection was investigated. Of all the factors under investigation only temperature and moisture influenced the development of VA - mycorrhiza. There was no interaction between P, K, Mg and pH levels of the soil, including vinasse, and spore numbers or root-infection percentages in sugarcane. High spore counts (433-1,620 spores/100 ml soil) were obtained, but root infection was generally low (3-45%). In spite of the great number of spores there was only a limited amount of fungal species present, as follows: <i>Acaulospora scrobiculata</i>, <i>Gigaspora gilmorei</i>, <i>Glomus fasciculatus</i> and <i>Glomus leptotichus</i>, plus a new unidentified species of <i>Gigaspora</i>. Two experiments with sugarcane were conducted in the green-house. In the first experiment sugarcane was planted in natural and autoclaved soil, while the second consisted of natural soil, soil sterilized by four different methods and sterile soil reinoculated with a soil filtrate, in addition to one treatment inoculated with <i>Gigaspora gilmorei</i>. In the first experiment there was a much lower growth of plants in natural soil, probably due to a great incidence of root pathogens like <i>Pratylenchus zeae</i>, <i>Fusarium</i> spp. and <i>Pythium</i> spp., which affected more than 50% of the root systems. In the second experiment plant hights were measured 60 days after installation. The only significant growth effect which could be observed was again the smaller size of the plants in natural soil, when compared to all others.
 
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