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Mémoire de Maîtrise
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.1984.tde-20231122-100331
Document
Auteur
Nom complet
Adriana Parada
Adresse Mail
Unité de l'USP
Domain de Connaissance
Date de Soutenance
Editeur
Piracicaba, 1984
Directeur
Titre en portugais
Efeito de fósforo e de micorriza vesiculo-arbuscular no feijoeiro
Mots-clés en portugais
FEIJÃO
FÓSFORO
FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS
MICORRIZA
Resumé en portugais
Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em casa-de-vegetação, em solo esterilizado, visando verificar o efeito do fósforo e da simbiose micorrízica na interação Rhizobium-feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) e verificar a eficiência de fungos endomicorrízicos em diferentes sistemas solo-planta, a fim de se tentar estabelecer uma adequada interação solo-planta-fungo. O primeiro experimento constou do emprego de doses crescentes de fósforo (5, 16 e 27 ppm P) numa Areia Quartzosa, utilizando-se o Cv. Carioca, colhido em três épocas do ciclo da cultura (30, 50 e 70 dias após semeadura) na presença e ausência de Glomus macrocarpum, com a presença do Rhizobium phaseoli em todos os tratamentos. No segundo experimento empregaram-se três cultivares de feijão (Carioca, Goiano Precoce e Black Turtle Soup) cultivados em três solos diferentes (Areia Quartzosa, Terra Roxa Estruturada e Latossol Vermelho Escuro) infectados com quatro fungos endomicorrizicos (Glomus Zeptotichum, Glomus macrocarpum, Gigaspora margarita e Gigaspora heterogama) mantendo-se uma testemunha (sem micorriza) e inoculando­se Rhizobium phaseoli em todos os tratamentos. Os resultados obtidos permitiram as seguintes conclusões: Glomus macrocarpum na presença de Rhizobium phaseoli favoreceu todos os parâmetros analisados, sendo que as doses de fósforo mais elevadas promoveram melhor crescimento, produção, absorção de nutrientes e nodulação do feijoeiro, ao mesmo tempo que favoreceram a infecção e esporulação do fungo; as interações do sistema solo-fungo-planta são bastante complexas, sendo que qualquer alteração no sistema tríplice pode alterar a eficiência da interação; Glomus Zeptotichum mostrou ser o endófito mais eficiente, verificando-se ainda que o cultivar que mais se destacou foi o Black Turtle Soup e o solo que propiciou melhor desenvolvimento das plantas foi o Latossol Vermelho Escuro.
Titre en anglais
The effect of phosphorus and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza on bean
Resumé en anglais
Two greenhouse experiments were conducted with sterilized soil to observe the effect of phosphorus fertilization and the VA mycorrhiza on Rhizobiwn-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) symbiosis and to study the efficiency of VA mycorrhizal fungi in different soil­plant systems, aiming at finding on adequate soil-plant-VA fungus interaction. ln the first experiment three phosphate dosages (5, 16 and 27 ppm P) was applied to a soil classified as Quartz Sand and the bean cultivar was “Carioca”. Plants were harvested at three periods during the plant cycle (at 30, 50 and 70 days after sowing) and were cultivated in the presence and absence of Glomus macrocarpum and with Rhizobium phaseoli in all treatments. The second experiment consisted of three bean cultivars (Carioca, Goiano Precoce and Black Turtle Soup), cultivated in three soil types: Quartz Sand (Entissol), “Terra Roxa Estruturada” (Oxissol) and Dark Red Latosol (Alfissol), infected with four VA fungi (Glomus leptotichum, Glomus macrocarpum, Gigaspora margarita and Gigaspora heterogama), keeping a control treatment (without VA fungus). All treatments were inoculated with Rhizobium phaseoli. From the results of the experiments the following conclusions were drawn: Glomus macrocarpum in the presence of Rhizobium phaseoli increased all analyzed parameters and at the highest phosphate dosage plant growth, grain production, nutrient absorption and nodulation were increased the most, occurring also the highest infection rates of the roots and spore production; the interactions of the soil­plant-fungus system are extremely complex and the modification of any one of its components may alter the efficiency of the system; Glomus leptotichum was shown to be the most effective endophyte when several fungi were tested; it was observed that Black Turtle Soup was the most productive cultivar and the soil in which the plant present better development was Dark Red Latosol.
 
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Date de Publication
2023-11-24
 
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