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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2016.tde-01082016-153147
Document
Author
Full name
Naiara Simarro Fagundes
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Menten, José Fernando Machado (President)
Coutinho, Luiz Lehmann
Cyrino, José Eurico Possebon
Faria, Douglas Emygdio de
Fernandes, Evandro de Abreu
Title in Portuguese
Diferentes estratégias do uso de sorgo para frangos de corte: desempenho e saúde intestinal
Keywords in Portuguese
EMA
Flora intestinal
Gene 16S
Nutrição
Tamanho de partícula
Abstract in Portuguese
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desempenho, saúde intestinal e metabolizabilidade de dietas para frangos de corte alimentados com o uso contínuo ou mudança brusca de diferentes rações à base de milho e sorgo moído ou inteiro. No Exp. 1 foi estudada a mudança no tipo de grão com as dietas: M100% (ração à base de milho); S100% (ração à base de sorgo); M:S50% (ração à base de 50% milho e 50% sorgo); PS-M (ração à base de sorgo na fase pré-inicial e milho nas demais fases); PM-S (ração à base de milho na fase pré-inicial e sorgo nas demais fases). No Exp. 2 foi estudada a mudança na forma do grão de sorgo: Sm100% (ração à base de sorgo moído); Si100% (ação à base de sorgo inteiro); PSm-Si (ração à base de sorgo moído na fase pré-inicial e inteiro nas demais fases) e PSi- Sm (ração à base de sorgo inteiro na fase pré-inicial e moído nas demais fases). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados (blocos no tempo) para avaliar o desempenho e epitélio jejunal (r=8), microbiota intestinal (r=4) e metabolizabilidade das dietas (r=10). As mudanças entre milho e sorgo não alteraram o desempenho, epitélio jejunal nem a metabolizabilidade das rações, mas influenciaram a porcentagem de Clostridium, Weissella, Bacillus e Alkaliphilus no intestino delgado e Lactobacillus e Desulfotomaculum nos cecos. O uso de sorgo inteiro piorou o desempenho aos sete dias. Aos 40 dias, Sm100% e PSm-Si apresentaram desempenhos semelhantes, PSi-Sm apresentou menor ganho de peso, mas melhor conversão alimentar e Si100% apresentou o pior desempenho. Si100% e PSm-Si apresentaram aumento no peso relativo da moela e na metabolizabilidade das rações, assim como diminuição de Clostridium e aumento de bactérias das famílias Actinomycetales e Bacillales no intestino delgado, Si100% resultou em menor porcentagem de Alkaliphilus e Enterococcus que Sm100% nos cecos. Conclui-se que a melhor estratégia de uso do sorgo é a substituição total de milho por sorgo moído ao alojamento com posterior mudança para sorgo inteiro, pois não afeta o desempenho e epitélio jejunal das aves, melhora a metabolizabilidade das rações e potencializa a redução de Clostridium no intestino delgado de frangos de corte.
Title in English
Different strategies of using of sorghum for broilers: performance and intestinal health
Keywords in English
AME
Gene 16S
Intestinal flora
Nutrition
Particle size
Abstract in English
The aim of this study was to evaluate performance, intestinal health and metabolizability of diets in broilers fed different corn- or sorghum (ground or whole)- based diets, continuously or with abrupt change between the diets. Exp. 1 - Change in the type of grain: C100% (corn-based diet); S100% (sorghum-based diet); C:S50% (50% corn and 50% sorghum-based diet); PC-S (corn-based diet in pre-starter phase and sorghum-based diet in other phases); PS-C (sorghum-based diet in pre-starter phase and corn-based diet in other phases). Exp. 2 - Change in the form of sorghum grain: Gs100% (ground sorghum-based diet); Ws100% (whole sorghum-based diet); PGs-Ws (ground sorghum-based diet in pre-starter phase and whole sorghum-based diet in other phases); PWs-Gs (whole sorghum-based diet in pre-starter phase and ground sorghum-based diet in other phases). Experiments were conducted in a randomized block design for to evaluate performance and jejunal epithelium (r=8), intestinal microbiota (r=4) and metabolizabilty of diets (r=10). The changes between corn and sorghum did not affect performance, jejunal epithelium or metabolizability of the diets, but influenced the genera Clostridium, Weissella, Bacillus and Alkaliphilus in the small intestine, and Lactobacillus and Desulfotomaculum in the caecum. Whole sorghum resulted in decreased performance at seven days of age. At 40 days, Gs100% and PGs-Ws showed similar performance, PWs-Gs showed lower weight gain and the best feed conversion rate, and Ws100% showed the worst performance. Ws100% and PGs-Ws resulted in the biggest gizzard relative weight and the highest diet metabolizability values, as well as the lowest level of Clostridium and highest level of Actinomycetales and Bacillales in the small intestine. Ws100% showed lower level of Alkaliphilus and Enterococcus than Gs100% in the caecum. The best strategy to use sorghum in broilers diets is replacing 100% of corn for ground sorghum since the first day followed by change to whole sorghum, because this diet did not affect performance or jejunal epithelium, improved diet metabolizability values, and reduced Clostridium in the small intestine of broilers.
 
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Publishing Date
2016-08-22
 
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