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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2019.tde-11072019-144950
Document
Author
Full name
Milaine Poczynek
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Bittar, Carla Maris Machado (President)
Costa, João Henrique Cardoso
Pedroso, Alexandre Mendonça
Polizel, Daniel Montanher
Title in Portuguese
Diferentes teores de FDN na dieta sólida de bezerros leiteiros: efeitos no desempenho, metabolismo e comportamento
Keywords in Portuguese
Casca de soja
Comportamento animal
Desenvolvimento ruminal
Feno
Abstract in Portuguese
A dieta sólida é fator determinante para o desenvolvimento ruminal de bezerros. No entanto ainda não está claro qual o teor de fibra ideal na dieta durante os primeiros meses de vida. O presente trabalho avaliou 35 animais da raça holandesa alojados em gaiolas individuais suspensas, os quais foram submetidos a três tratamentos: I - concentrado convencional contendo 22,0 de FDN, II - concentrado com 31% de FDN, substituindo parte do milho por casca de soja e III - concentrado convencional com 22,0% de FDN mais feno de coast-cross a vontade. Todos os animais receberam 4 litros de sucedâneo lácteo por dia com 12,5% de sólidos, divididos em duas refeições. O ganho de peso foi acompanhado semanalmente, também foram aferidas medidas corporais, indicadores metabólicos para desenvolvimento ruminal e metabolismo intermediário, bem como avaliação de parâmetros ruminais e comportamentais. Os animais foram avaliados até a oitava semana de vida, quando foram desaleitados. A elevação do teor de FDN no concentrado até 31% com a substituição de milho por casca de soja, ou oferta de feno, não alterou o consumo de concentrado e desempenho. A dieta 31FDN estimulou precocemente a diferenciação do epitélio ruminal pela maior concentração e AGCC em idades mais jovens. Sendo a casca de soja considerada fonte energética passível de ser utilizada na formulação de concentrados iniciais para bovinos em aleitamento nas proporções utilizadas nesse estudo. No entanto a oferta de feno se mostra mais interessante para a redução de comportamentos não desejados. O teor de 22% de FDN no concentrado inicial não ocasionou menor pH ruminal e fecal em comparação com dietas de FDN elevado, mostrando que concentrados com teor de FDN e distribuição de partículas semelhantes ao deste estudo podem ser ofertados com segurança.
Title in English
Different levels of NDF in the solid diet of dairy calves: effects on performance, metabolism and behavior
Keywords in English
Animal behaviour
Hay
Ruminal development
Soybean hull
Abstract in English
The solid diet is a determinant factor for the ruminal development. However it is still unclear what the optimal fiber content in the solid diet during the first few months of life. The present work evaluated 35 Holstein animals housed in individual suspended cages, which were submitted to three treatments: I - conventional starter containing 22.0 NDF, II - starter with 31% NDF, replacing part of the corn by soybean hull and III - conventional concentrate with 22.0% NDF plus coast-cross hay ad libitum. All animals received 4L of milk replacer with 12.5% solids, divided into two meals daily. Weight gain was monitored weekly, body measurements, metabolic indicators for ruminal development and intermediate metabolism, as well as ruminal and behavioral parameters were also evaluated. The animals were evaluated until the eighth week of life, when they were weaned. The increase of the NDF content in the starter up to 31% with the replacement of corn per soybean hull or hay supply did not change the starter consumption and performance. The 31FDN diet early stimulated the differentiation of the ruminal epithelium by the higher concentration of SCFA at younger ages. Soybean hulls are considered an energy source that can be used in the formulation of starter for pre-weaned calves in the proportions used in this study. However, the supply of hay is more interesting for the reduction of unwanted behaviors. The 22% NDF content in the initial concentrate did not cause lower ruminal and fecal pH in comparison with high NDF diets, showing that NDF starter and particle distribution similar to this study can be safely offered.
 
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Milaine_Poczynek.pdf (2.48 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2019-07-22
 
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