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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2023.tde-20072023-070756
Document
Author
Full name
Pedro Ernesto Ronzani
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Pavinato, Paulo Sergio (President)
Arruda, Bruna
Santos, Valdevan Rosendo dos
Title in Portuguese
Adsorção de fósforo em novas áreas de uso agrícola no Brasil
Keywords in Portuguese
Amazônia
Cerrado
CMAP
Fósforo
Abstract in Portuguese
O teor de fósforo (P) disponível nos solos é, sabidamente, um dos principais fatores limitantes à produção agrícola em solos tropicais. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender e quantificar a capacidade de adsorção e a reatividade de diversos solos brasileiros ao P, com enfoque em novas áreas de abertura distribuídas ao longo de 12 estados brasileiros nas regiões Norte, Centro-Oeste e Nordeste, compreendendo as ordens dos Latossolos, Argissolos, Neossolos e Plintossolos em dois sistemas de manejo, solos cultivados e não cultivados. Foram determinadas as seguintes características de cada amostra: teor de argila, silte e areia; teor de cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg), potássio (K), matéria orgânica (M.O.), pH, acidez potencial (H + Al), capacidade de troca de cátions (CTC) e saturação da CTC por cátions básicos (V%); e também os teores de Ferro e Alumínio com os extratores oxalato de amônio (Feox e Alox) e ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato (FeDCB e AlDCB). Posteriormente, foi determinado o P remanescente (P-rem) no solo, e a partir deste resultado os solos foram classificados em três classes para serem determinadas diferentes concentrações de P em solução para estimativa da capacidade máxima de adsorção de P (CMAP). Os pontos foram então ajustados às isotermas de Langmuir e Freundlich através da linearização das equações e através de método não linear, com o auxílio da ferramenta solver do MS Excel. O uso dos modelos não lineares permitiu um ajuste levemente superior das isotermas aos dados experimentais, porém não significativo (p < 0,05). O modelo proposto por Freundlich apresentou ajuste também levemente superior aos pontos experimentais, porém não permite, como o modelo de Langmuir, a determinação da CMAP. Os dados de CMAP não apresentaram distribuição normal, e a correlação de Spearman entre a CMAP e os teores de Alox e AlDCB foi significativa a p < 0,001 tanto para solos cultivados como não cultivados, já com o FeDCB a correlação foi significativa a p < 0,05. O teor de argila, a M.O. e o Feox apresentaram correlação significativa com a CMAP a p < 0,001 para solos cultivados, e a p < 0.01 para solos não cultivados.
Title in English
Phosphorus adsorption in new areas of agriculture in Brazil
Keywords in English
Amazon
Cerrado
CMAP
Phosphorus
Abstract in English
Phosphorus (P) content in soils is known to be one of the main limiting factors to agricultural production in tropical and humid soils. This study aims to better understand and quantify the adsorption capacity and reactivity of several Brazilian soils with P, focusing on a wide territorial reach distributed throughout 12 Brazilian states in the North, Midwest and Northeast regions and comprising the orders of the Latosols, Argisols, Neosols and Plinthssols in two management systems, cultivated and uncultivated soils. The remaining phosphorous (P-rem) was determined in each sample extracted from the first 20 centimeters of the soil, and, based on these results the soils were classified into three classes to, subsequently, have 11 well distributed points of initial and final P concentration determined. The soil was stirred for 24 hours with the P solution for subsequent centrifugation and determination of the P content in the supernatant solution. The points were adjusted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms by linearization of equations or by nonlinear method, using MS Excel solver tool. The use of nonlinear models allowed a slightly superior adjustment of isotherms to experimental data, but not significant (p < 0.05). The model proposed by Freundlich presented adjustment also slightly superior to the experimental points, but does not allow, as the Langmuir model, the determination of the Maximum Phosphorus Adsorption Capacity (CMAP). The following characteristics of each sample were also determined: clay, silt and sand content; calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), organic matter (O.M.), pH, potential acidity (H + Al), cation exchange capacity (CTC) and CTC saturation by basic cations (V%); and finally, the iron and aluminum contents with the extractors ammonium oxalate (Feox and Alox) and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (FeDCB and AlDCB). The CMAP data did not present normal distribution, and Spearman's correlation between CMAP and Alox and AlDCB contents was significant at p < 0.001 for both cultivated and uncultivated soils, while with FeDCB the correlation was significant at p < 0.05 and was not significant with pH. The clay content, O.M. and Feox showed significant correlation with CMAP at p < 0.001 for cultivated soils, and p < 0.01 for non-cultivated soils.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-07-24
 
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