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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2019.tde-20191218-141346
Document
Author
Full name
Fernando Carvalho Oliveira
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1995
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Metais pesados e formas nitrogenadas em solos tratados com lodo de esgoto
Keywords in Portuguese
LODO DE ESGOTO
METAIS PESADOS DO SOLO
NITROGÊNIO
Abstract in Portuguese
Em condições de casa-de-vegetação, foi realizado um estudo com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento de metais pesados e de formas nitrogenadas (N-N03- + N-NH4+) em dois solos tratados com lodo de esgoto. Para tanto, utilizou-se de uma Areia Quartzosa (Typic Quartzipsament/AQ) e um Latossol Roxo (Typic Haplorthox/LR) ajustados a dois níveis de pH, 3,9 e 4,9, posteriormente tratados com doses de lodo de esgoto equivalentes a O,50, 100 e 150 Mg ha-1 . O comportamento dos metais pesados e das formas nitrogenadas foram avaliados através das seguintes variáveis: valor pH e teor de matéria orgânica dos solos; lixiviação de formas nitrogenadas e de metais pesados; fitodisponibilidade de metais pesados analisada através de correlações estabelecidas entre quantidades acumuladas por plantas de milho (Zea mays) e teores removidos dos solos pelos extratores CaCl2 0,05 mol L-1, DTPA 0,05 mol L-1 e HCI 0,1 mol L-1. Com base nos resultados obtidos, foram possíveis as seguintes conclusões: - A maior parte da carga orgânica adicionada via lodo de esgoto apresentou-se degradada aos 63 dias da incubação nos dois diferentes tipos de solos. Essa degradação contribuiu para a elevação do valor pH dos solos, proporcionalmente a dose aplicada; - A degradação da carga orgânica promoveu o aumento de formas nitrogenadas potencialmente lixiviáveis. Na Areia Quartzosa esse fato foi mais evidente, indicando que nesse tipo de solo devem haver preocupações a respeito; - A adição de lodo de esgoto aos solos promoveu o aumento da concentração dos metais Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni e Zn nos mesmos, entretanto, evidências do aumento da fitodisponibilidade desses metais só foram observadas quando a dose aplicada foi equivalente a 150 Mg ha-1 ; - O uso de extratores químicos para a previsão da fitodisponibilidade deve ser função do metal em estudo e do tipo de solo onde ele está presente, não existindo um único extrator que se correlacione adequadamente para todos os metais, tendo em vista as variáveis existentes.
Title in English
Heavy metals and forms of nitrogen in sewage sludge-amended soils
Abstract in English
In this paper are presented datas about sewage sludge addition to soils placed in leaching tubes. The soils had their pH value adjusted to 3,9 and 4,9 previously to the sludge addition in levels of 0;50; 100 and 150 Mg ha-1 . After an incubation time of 63 days the plots were seeded with corn to evaluate metals bio-availability. After a growing period of 55 days, the plants were harvested and analysed for Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni and Zn content by ICP method. During the incubation time (totallizing 118 days) there was made soil sampling and the soil columns were leached with water to collect soil percolates. The amounts of metals in soil samples were analysed using as soil extractants: 0,05 mol L-1 CaCl2 ; 0,1 mol L-1 HCl and 0,05 mol L-1 DTPA. The collected Ieachates was analysed for nitrogen forms (N-N03+N-NH4+) and heavy metals content. The results allowed the conclusions: The organic matter added to soils by sewage sludge addition was almost totally decomposed after a 63 days incubation period. During this period an increase on soil pH value was observed. This increase. was proporcionalIy to the amount of sIudge added, and was caused mainly by the organic matter degradation. The degradation of the organic matter from sewage sludge caused an increase on the content of nitrogen forms in leachates. This fact was more evident in the sandy soil and for this reason there must be some concern on sewage sludge addition to this type of soil. The addition of sewage sludge increased the amounts of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn present in soils, but there was no evidence of increasing metal levels on plants unless the applied level was 150 Mg ha-1. The use of chemical methods for assessing available metals to corn depends on the metal and soil type, and for this reason there was not a single one for assessing bioavailable metals present in soils.
 
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Publishing Date
2019-12-19
 
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