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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2019.tde-20191220-121213
Document
Author
Full name
Gláucia Regina Anti
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2004
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Crescimento e acúmulo de nutrientes do tomateiro para processamento industrial
Keywords in Portuguese
ABSORÇÃO DE NUTRIENTES
CRESCIMENTO VEGETAL
DELINEAMENTO EXPERIMENTAL
TOMATE
Abstract in Portuguese
Com o uso de novas cultivares e os ganhos nos conhecimentos existentes sobre o processo produtivo do tomateiro, com reflexo sobre o desenvolvimento e a produção da cultura, é necessária a caracterização do crescimento e da absorção de nutrientes pelo tomateiro, conduzido segundo as práticas culturais vigentes, uma vez que as curvas de absorção, até então existentes na literatura nacional, foram obtidas em áreas com produtividades próximas da metade das hoje encontradas, pelos agricultores que utilizam todas as novas tecnologias. Com o objetivo de caracterizar o crescimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes do tomateiro para processamento, foram conduzidos dois experimentos. O primeiro experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental Fazenda Barreiro, situada no município de Patos de Minas - MG (46° 51”00, Oeste e 18°57”00’ Sul, 1100m de altitude e temperatura média anual de 22,3ºC’). Utilizou-se o híbrido Heinz 9992 em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições. A população foi de 35.000 plantas por hectare. As coletas tiveram início 17 dias após a semeadura e se repetiram a cada 7 dias durante todo o ciclo da cultura, totalizando 21 coletas. As plantas foram separadas em caule, folha, flores e frutos. Fez-se também a medida da área foliar. Após a secagem, pesou-se o material, para a obtenção da massa de material em função dos estádios de desenvolvimento e, posteriormente, foram moídas e submetidas à análise para a obtenção da extração de nutrientes. Para avaliar a produção de material seco e o acúmulo de nutrientes. Para avaliar a produção de material seco e o experimento em casa-de-vegetação pertencente ao Departamento de Solos e Nutrição de Plantas da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz – USP , situada no município de Piracicaba (47º 38”00’ Oeste e 22º 42” 30’ Sul, 580 m de altitude e temperatura média anual de 21,3°C). Utilizou-se o sistema hidropônico do tipo floating, onde as raízes ficaram submersas na solução nutritiva. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado, composto por 4 repetições. Realizaram-se todos os procedimentos do experimento de campo para se poder fazer a comparação dos resultados da parte aérea e a estimativa do sistema radicular. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o acúmulo de material seco variou com o desenvolvimento da cultura, tendo maior expressão a partir do início da frutificação. A seqüência de acúmulo de nutrientes pela cultura foi: potássio (615,23 kg ha-1), nitrogênio (441,33 kg ha-1), cálcio (308,54 kg ha-1), magnésio (117,68 kg ha-1), fósforo (47,24 kg ha-1), enxofre (45,02 kg ha-1), ferro (8,32 kg ha-1), manganês (2,80 kg ha-1), zinco (1,64 kg ha-1), boro (1,23 kg ha-1) e cobre (0,66 kg ha-1). Com a estimativa do acúmulo de nutriente nas raízes, o resultado passou a ser: potássio (617,87 kg ha-1), nitrogênio (445,58 kg ha-1), cálcio (310,31 kg ha-1), magnésio (117,89 kg ha-1), fósforo (48,62 kg ha-1), enxofre (45,75 kg ha-1), ferro (9, 15 kg ha-1), manganês (2,82 kg ha-1), zinco (1,64 kg ha-1), boro (1,23 kg ha-1) e cobre (0,67 kg ha-1).
Title in English
Growth and accumulation of nutrients of industrial processing tomatoes
Abstract in English
The use of new cultivars and the increase in the knowledges about the production processes of tomato culture acting over the development and production of this culture, there is a need to characterize the growth and the nutrient uptake in tomato plants cultivated under cultivation procedures in existence, once the uptake curves existing in the national literature was obtained in areas with yields nearly the half of the ones found today by farmers which use all the new technologies. Aiming to characterize the growth and nutrient accumulation in tomato plants for industrial process, two experiments were carried out. The first experiment was carried out in the Barreiro Farm Experimental Station, situated in the town Patos de Minas – MG (46° 51” 00’ West and 18° 57” 00’ South, 1100 m of height and 22,3°C annual mean temperature). The hybrid Heinz 9992 was used entirely randomizes experimental deign. The population studied had 35,000 plants per hectare. The assessments initiated at 17 days sowing and repeated at each 7 days during the entire culture cycle culture cycle, making a total of 21assessments. The plants ware divided in stem, leaves, flowers and fruits. Foliar area was measured. After drying, the material was weighed to obtain the mass of dry material in each development stage and subsequently ground and undergone to chemical analysis and nutrient extraction. To evaluate the dry material production and the nutrition accumulation in the roots of the hybrid Heinz 9992, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, owned to the Soils and Plant Nutrition Department of Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – USP, situated in the town Piracicaba (47° 36” 00’ West and 22° 42” 30’ South, 580 m of height and 21,3°C annual mean temperature). The hydroponic system model floating was used in which the roots were submerged in the nutritive solution. The experimental design was entirely randomized with 4 plots. All of the procedures used in the field experiment were applied here in order to compare the results of the aerial parts and make a estimative of the radicular system. The results allowed to reach the following conclusion the accumulation of dry material varied with the culture stage; it was higher in the beginning of the fruit formation and development phase. The sequence of nutrient accumulation in the culture was: potassium (615, 23 kg ha-1); nitrogen (441,33 kg ha-1; calcium (308,54 kg ha-1) ; magnesium (117,89 kg ha-1) ; phosphorus (47,24 kg ha-1); Sulphur (45,02 kg ha(-1); iron (8,32 kg ha-1) ; manganese (2,80 kg ha-1) ; zinc (1,54 kg ha-1), boron (1,23 kg ha-1) and copper (0,66 kg ha-1). The estimative of nutrients accumulation in the roots was: potassium (617,87 kg ha-1) ; nitrogen (445,58 kg ha-1); calcium (310,31 kg ha-1); magnesium (117,89 kg ha-1), phosphorus (48,62 kg ha-1); sulphur (45,75 kg ha-1); iron (9, 15 kg ha-1); manganese (2,82 kg ha-1); zinc (1,64 kg ha-1), boron (1,23 kg ha-1) and copper (0,67 kg ha-1).
 
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Publishing Date
2019-12-20
 
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