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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2019.tde-20191220-123805
Document
Author
Full name
José Luis Arzeno
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1990
Supervisor
 
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação física de diferentes manejos de solo em um latossolo roxo – distrófico
Keywords in Portuguese
LATOSSOLO ROXO DISTRÓFICO
MANEJO DO SOLO
PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DO SOLO
Abstract in Portuguese
Foram avaliados três sistemas de preparo do solo: convencional, escarificação e plantio Direto, para duas culturas de verão, soja e milho, constituindo, um total de 6 tratamentos, quais sejam: S.P.D. – Soja Plantio Direto; S.E. – Soja Escarificador; S.C. – Soja Convencional; M.P.D.- Milho Plantio Direto; M.E. – Milho Escarificador; M.C. – Milho Convencional. Durante o inverno todos os tratamentos foram cultivados com aveia preta. Este experimento vêm sendo conduzidos há 5 anos num solo Latossolo Roxo – Distrófico, que ocorre em área do Centro Experimental de Campinas do Instituto Agrônomico. Fizeram-se diferentes avaliações, em especial de atributos físicos do solo, com o objetivo de detectar as vantagens e inconvenientes dos diferentes manejos do solo. A eficácia na avaliação do manejo através das diferentes determinações também foi determinada através de : produtividade das culturas, dureza da superfície do solo, resistência a penetração, densidade do solo, porosidade, teor de água, cobertura vegetal, infiltração com permeâmetro e com simulador de chuva, sedimento produzido pela chuva simulada e curvas característica de água no solo. Comparam-se os 6 tratamentos em conjunto, e também os 3 sistemas de preparo e as 2 culturas de verão em separado. Discutiram-se os resultados das determinações em forma isolada e também com comparações entre elas. Juntaram-se os resultados que apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Com base nestes resultados conclui-se que: o melhor sistema de preparo do solo, foi consistentemente o plantio direto seguido do escarificador e do convencional: A cultura de verão que mais favoreceu o manejo do solo foi a soja; A ordem de classificação final dos 6 tratamentos comparados foi: 1º S.P.D., 2º M.P.D., 3º S.E., 4º M.E., 5º S.C. e 6º M.C. e a determinação individual que resultou mais eficaz na avaliação do manejo do solo foi a cobertura do solo, e em segundo lugar o teor de água.
 
Title in English
Physical evaluation of different soil management practices in a latossolo roxo
Abstract in English
The effect of three soil tillage systems, namely, conventional, chisel plowing and no-tillage, were evaluated soybean and corn crops. The total number of treatments was 6: S.P.D – Soybean no-tillage: S.E. – Soybean Chisel Plowing; S.C. – Soybean Conventional: M.P.D. – Corn no-tillage: M.E. – Corn Chisel Plowing; M.C. – Corn Conventional. During the winter, all the field was planted with black oats. This experiment is in progress for 5 years on a Roxo Latosol located at the Campinas Experimental Center of the Instituto Agronômico. Many evaluations were made, specially of soil physical attributes, with the purpose of detecting the advantages and disavantages of different soil management conditions. The eficiency of soil management treatments evaluated through different measurements was made using: crop productivity, soil surface penetration resistance, penetration resistance of the soil profile, soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil moisture, soil cover, water infiltration measured with the permeameter, sulface infiltration rate measured with the rainfall simulator, soil sediments, and soil desorption curves. The six treatments were compared as i) a cohole set, as well as ii) soil tillage practices and iii) crop effects, separately. The results were discussed with each set of isolated measurements and also with a comparison among them. Examining the results which showed statistically significant differences, it can be concluded that;The best soil tillage system is, consistentely, the no-tillage, followed by the chisel plowing and the conventional tillage; The crop which best favored the soil management practices was soybean; The classification of the treatments from the best to the worse is: no-tillage soybean, no-tillage corn, chisel plowing soybean, chisel plowing corn, conventional soybean, and conventional corn; and the determination of individual characteristics which were the most efficient evaluating soil management practices was the soil cover, followed by soil moisture.
 
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Publishing Date
2019-12-20
 
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