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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2019.tde-20191220-134419
Document
Author
Full name
Ursula Gabe
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1998
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Teor e disponibilidade para soja de micronutrientes e elementos potencialmente tóxicos em fertilizantes minerais e calcários
Keywords in Portuguese
CALCÁRIO
FERTILIZANTES
FITOTOXICIDADE
MICRONUTRIENTES
SOJA
Abstract in Portuguese
Amostras de 60 fertilizantes minerais e calcários foram avaliadas quanto ao teor de B, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Sr e Ba. Dentre estes materiais analisados, escolheu-se uma rocha fosfatada, um termofosfato, um calcário, uma mistura NPK e uma fonte de micronutrientes para conduzir dois experimentos em vasos, em casa de vegetação: um com Latossolo Roxo (LR) e outro com Areia Quartzosa (AQ). Os tratamentos constaram da aplicação isolada ou combinada dos cinco materiais aos solos, um tratamento completo e um teste, em quatro repetições, perfazendo 52 unidades experimentais para cada solo (13 tratamentos x 4 repetições). Os materiais foram incubados com a terra por 90 dias, após os quais uma amostra de cada parcela foi analisada quanto ao teor de Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd e Pb, usando os extratores DTP A-TEA e Mehlich 3 e de B pelo método de extração em água quente. Após a incubação, as unidades experimentais, arranjadas em delineamento em blocos casualizados, receberam a cultura da soja Glycine max (L.) Merril, var. IAC 8, que foi conduzida até o final do ciclo. A parte aérea das plantas foi colhida e avaliada quanto teor dos elementos e quanto à produção de matéria seca. A análise dos fertilizantes e calcários revelou a predominância de Fe e Mn na maioria das amostras; teores importantes de B em rochas e fertilizantes fosfatados; altos teores de Cr nos termofosfatos e baixas concentrações de Cd, Pb, Co e Ni nas amostras em geral. Para a cultura da soja, o calcário atuou como fonte de Mn, a mistura 4-14-8 como fonte de B, Zn, Cu e Mn e a fonte de micronutrientes, BR 5, mostrou ser uma eficiente fonte de Zn e B. As elevadas quantidades de Mn, Zn e B adicionadas pela mistura 4-14-8 proporcionaram um nível excessivo destes nutrientes na parte aérea das plantas e as mais baixas produções de matéria seca e de grãos entre os tratamentos. O pH e a textura mostraram ser importantes atributos dos solos na disponibilidade dos elementos estudados.
Title in English
Concentration and availability for soybean of micronutrients and potentially toxic elements present in mineral fertilizers and limestones
Abstract in English
Samples of mineral fertilizers and limestones in a total of 60 were evaluated concernig the concentration of B, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr, Co, Sr, and Ba. Considering the different types of materials: rock phosphate, fused phosphate, limestone, NPK mixture and micronutrient source, one sample of each one was selected to be used in a pot trial with two soils. The 13 studied treatments consisted in the application to soil of the below mentioned materials, with the main objective of studying the nutrient source in presence and absence of limestone. A check and a complete treatment, where all nutrients were supplied by chemicals, were also included. After a period of 90 days of incubation, one soil sample from each pot was drawn for the determination of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, and Pb in DTPA-TEA and Mehlich 3 extracts and also B extracted by hot water method. The incubated soils were used to carry out a greenhouse pot trial where soybean was cultivated up to the end of its cycle. A randomized block scheme was adopted. The dry matter production of soybean plants and its trace elements concentration were evaluated. Fertilizers analysis indicated Fe and Mn as major components in most of samples. Boron was present in rock phosphate and phosphatic fertilizers as well. High concentration of Cr in fused phosphate and low concentrations of Cd, Pb, Co and, Ni were observed for samples in general. Considering the nutrient uptake of the soybean plants it was observed that the studied material acted as nutrients sources in different ways: limestone for Mn; the NPK mixture (4-14-8) for B, Zn, Cu and Mn; and micronutrient source for Zn and B. The high amounts of Mn, Zn and, B supplied to soil by the NPK mixture caused the lowest level of dry matter and grains production among the treatments, which was attributed to the excessive levels of those elements in soybean plants. Soil pH and texture proved to be chief factors to understand the availability of the studied elements.
 
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Publishing Date
2019-12-20
 
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