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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2020.tde-20200111-132112
Document
Author
Full name
José Ozinaldo Alves de Sena
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1998
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Caracterização bioquímica da depressão de crescimento de porta-enxertos cítricos inoculados com fungo micorrízico arbuscular em doses altas de fosfato
Keywords in Portuguese
CRESCIMENTO VEGETAL
FERTILIZANTES FOSFATADOS
FÓSFORO
FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS
LIMÃO CRAVO
PORTA-ENXERTOS
TANGERINA CLEÓPATRA
Abstract in Portuguese
Algumas espécies vegetais apresentam quando micorrizadas, e em níveis altos de fósforo disponível no solo ou substrato, depressão no crescimento, inclusive quando cultivadas a campo. Este fenômeno pode ser devido ou estar relacionado a alteração das taxas de fotossíntese e de utilização de carboidratos de planta hospedeira. Com o objetivo de testar essa hipótese, instalou-se experimentos em casa de vegetação, onde cultivou-se porta-enxertos cítricos Limoeiro Cravo (Citus limonia (L.) Osbeck) e Tangerineira Cleópatra (Citrus reshni Hort. ex. Tanaka). Os porta-enxertos foram inoculados ou não com Fungo Micorrízico Arbuscular (FMA) (Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith) e cultivados com diferentes doses de P (0,200, 400, 600 e 800 mg kg-1)( Experimento 1) ou com (50, 200, 400 e 800 mg kg-1)(Experimento 2). Usou-se como substrato uma mistura de solo arenoso + areia, na proporção de 3:1, previamente corrigido com calcário dolomítico e autoclavado. Adicionalmente às doses de P os porta-enxertos foram adubados com N (80 mg kg-1; NH4NO3 e micronutrientes (-Mn). O experimento foi instalado de acordo com delineamento estatístico fatorial inteiramente casualisado e usou-se cinco repetições (Experimento 1) e quatro repetições (Experimento 2). Seis meses após o transplantio, as plantas foram colhidas, avaliadas e analisadas. Como variáveis de resposta estudou-se: altura de plantas, massa seca ou fresca da parte aérea, massa fresca de raízes, relação parte aérea/raiz, transpiração e resistência estomática, área foliar, ΦOpen PSII, taxas de fotossíntese, fósforo inorgânico nas folhas e raízes, glicose, frutose e sacarose nas folhas e raízes, amido nas folhas e raízes, invertase nas raízes, sacarose sintase nas folhas e raízes e sacarose fosfato sintase nas folhas, bem como o grau de ativação de sacarose fosfato sintase. Os resultados permitem concluir que a depressão de crescimento em porta-enxertos cítricos pode ser explicada pelas alterações nas taxas de fotossíntese e de utilização de fotoassimilados do hospedeiro. A presença de fungo micorrízico arbuscular aumenta a síntese de sacarose, por aumentar a atividade estado de ativação de SPS.
Title in English
Biochemical characterization of the growth depression of inoculated citric rootstocks with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in high doses of phosphate
Abstract in English
Some plant species when mycorrhized, and cultivated in high leveIs of available phosphorus in the soil or substrate present growth depression. This phenomenon can be due to or be reIated to the alteration of the photosynthetic rates and the use of carbohydrates of the host pIant. With the aim of testing this hypothesis, experiments were carried out on a greenhouse, cultivating citric root-stocks Limoeiro Cravo (Citrus limonia (L.) Osbeck) and Tangerina Cleópatra (Citrus reshni Hort. Ex Tanaka). The rootstocks were inoculated or not with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) (Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith) and cultivated with different levels of phosphorus (0, 200, 400, 600 e 800 mg kg-1) (Experiment 1) or with (50, 200, 400 e 800 mg kg-1) (Experiment 2). It was used as substrate a mixture of sandy soil + sand, in the proportion of 3:1, previously corrected with dolomitical lime and autoclaved. Adicionally to the P doses the root-stocks were fertilized with N (80 mg kg-1; NH4N03) and micronutrients (-Mn). The experiment was installed in agreement with a completely randomized factorial design (5x3x3) and five replications were used (Experiment 1) and four replications (Experiment 2) per treatment. Six months after the transplant, the plants were picked, evaluated and analyzed. As answer variables were studied: plant height, dry or fresh mass from the shoot, root's fresh mass, shoot/root relationship, transpiration and stomatic resistance, foliar area, ΦOpen PSII, photosynthetic rates, inorganic phosphorus in leaves and roots, glucose, fructose and sucrose in leaves and roots, starch in leaves and roots, the activity of enzymes such as: invertase, sucrose sintase in leaves and roots and sucrose phosphate sintase in leaves, as well as the degree of ativation of sucrose phosphate sintase, were analysed. The results provid evidences that the growth depression in citric root-stocks can be explained by the alterations in the photosynthetic rates and by the use of host's photoassimilates. The presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increases the sucrose synthesis, by increasing the activity state of activation of SPS.
 
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Publishing Date
2020-01-11
 
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