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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.1998.tde-20210104-170410
Document
Author
Full name
Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro Neves
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1998
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Influência de sistemas de manejo em características de tangerina ‘Ponc㒠sobre limão ‘Cravo’ e de um latossolo roxo
Keywords in Portuguese
LATOSSOLO ROXO
LIMÃO CRAVO
MANEJO DO SOLO
PORTA-ENXERTOS
TANGERINA PONCÃ
Abstract in Portuguese
Em um pomar de tangerina ‘Ponc㒠(Citrus reticulata Blanco) enxertada sobre limão ‘Cravo’ (Citrus limonia Osbeck) em latossolo roxo, em Londrina-PR, foram testados cinco tratamentos de manejo do solo: cobertura verde durante todo o ano com a leguminosa lndigofera campestres Benth.; cobertura verde durante todo o ano com a leguminosa Arachis prostrata Bong. ex Benth.; cobertura durante a época de chuvas com mucuna cinza - Stizolobium pruriens; uso alternado de roçadeira (três a quatro vezes no período de chuvas) e de uma gradagem a disco (no período seco); capina manual o ano inteiro. Os tratamentos permaneceram no campo durante nove anos. A produção, a qualidade dos frutos e a nutrição das plantas não foram significativamente afetadas pelos tratamentos. A quantidade total de raízes, avaliada pelo método da trincheira, não apresentou diferenças entre os tratamentos, mas a distribuição do sistema radicular foi significativamente alterada. A presença de A. prostrata provocou concentração e aprofundamento das raízes. O perfil cultural indicou zonas de compactação nos tratamentos Roçadeira/Grade e Capina. A ocorrência das raízes dos citros foi observada tanto nas zonas compactadas como nas não compactadas do perfil. Para o estudo da matéria orgânica do solo e da estabilidade de agregados, foram escolhidos três tratamentos do pomar (Arachis prostrata, roçadeirarade, capina manual) e como referência utilizou-se o mesmo solo sob floresta nativa e sob culturas anuais. O teor de matéria orgânica do solo do pomar foi aumentado com as coberturas de A. prostrata e gradagem/ roçadeira. As perdas de carbono (em mg C g-1 de solo) na camada 0-10 cm quando o solo passou da vegetação nativa para as culturas, foram de 12 a 45 %, sendo maiores com culturas anuais por 20 anos. A fração que mais perdeu matéria orgânica foi a fração resíduos vegetais (200-2.000 μm). A maior proporção da matéria orgânica do solo encontrou-se na fração organo-argilosa (0-2 μm), com 34 a 43 % do total, seguida da fração organo-siltosa (2-20 μm), com 23 a 28 % do total. A estabilidade de agregados foi determinada em amostras submetidas ou não ao tratamento para retirada da matéria orgânica solúvel em água quente. A vegetação de floresta proporcionou maior estabilidade, seguida da situação de pomar submetido à cobertura com A. prostrata ou roçadeirarade. A extração com água quente do carbono solúvel não provocou diferenças significativas na estabilidade dos agregados.
Title in English
Effect of orchard management systems on characteristics of ‘Ponc㒠tangerine on ‘Rangpur’ lime and of an oxisol
Keywords in English

Abstract in English
A trial with ‘Ponc㒠tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco) on ‘Rangpur Lime’ rootstock was carried out in Londrina-PR on an oxisol to study the effect of orchard floor management on plant yield, nutrition, fruit quality and soil chemical and physical characteristics. Five treatments were used: permanent cover with Indigofera campestres Benth; permanent cover with Arachis prostrata Bong. ex Benth; ‘mucuna cinza’ (Stizolobium pruriens) during spring and summer; alternate mowing (rainy season) /tillage (dry season); and vegetation-free (by hand hoeing). After nine years, yield, fruit quality and plant nutrition were not affected by treatments. The total amount of citrus roots, observed by the profile wall method, was not affected by soil management treatments. The presence of perenial leguminous plants in the orchard inter-row limited the presence of citrus roots to the region of the profile where roots of the cover plants were absent. This was compensated by a significant increase in citrus root system deepning in A. prostrata treatment. The cultural profile showed regions with high soil bulk density in the treatments mowing/tillage and hand hoeing, but citrus roots grew in that regions as well as in the others with low soil bulk density. Three treatments were chosen to study soil organic matter and water-stable aggregates: A. prostrata, mowing /tillage and vegetation-free. The tests were also made in samples of the same soil under native forest and under annual crops. The total organic matter of the soil was increased with the treatments A. prostrata and mowing/ tillage. The losses of carbon in the layer 0-10 cm when the soil passed from the native vegetation to the crops went from 12 to 45%, being larger with annual crops for 20 years. For all situations, the largest proportion of the soil organic matter was found in the organo-clay fraction (0-2 μm) with 34 to 43% of the total, followed by the organo-silt fraction (2-20 μm) with 23 to 28% of the total. With the introduction of the crops, the fraction that lost most organic matter was 200-2.000 μm fraction, in the two studied depths. The aggregate stability was determined in samples submitted or not to a treatment water to remove hot-water soluble organic matter. The forest vegetation provided larger stability, followed by the orchard situation submitted to the permanent covering or mowing/tillage. Extraction of hot-water soluble carbon did not cause signifícant changes in aggregate stability.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-01-07
 
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