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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.1998.tde-20210104-183743
Document
Author
Full name
Maria Tereza Colozza
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1998
Supervisor
 
Title in Portuguese
Rendimento e diagnose foliar dos capins Aruana e Mombaça cultivados em latossolo vermelho-amarelo adubado com doses de nitrogênio
Keywords in Portuguese
ADUBAÇÃO
CAPIM ARUANÃ
CAPIM MOMBAÇA
DIAGNOSE FOLIAR
FERTILIZANTES NITROGENADOS
RENDIMENTO
Abstract in Portuguese
Foram conduzidos no Instituto de Zootecnia em Nova Odessa, SP, de outubro a dezembro de 1996, dois experimentos em casa de vegetação em blocos completos casualizados com oito repetições, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação de nitrogênio na produção de matéria seca e no número de perfilhos de dois cultivares de Panicum maximum Jacq., Aruana e Mombaça; os efeitos sobre o teor de nitrogênio (total e nítrico) na parte aérea, bem como sobre o teor de clorofila nas folhas também foram avaliados; finalmente, foram determinados os níveis críticos de nitrogênio na planta e selecionada a parte da planta mais adequada para essa finalidade. As plantas foram cultivadas em amostras de Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico coletadas à profundidade de 0-20 cm. Em ambos os cultivares o nitrogênio foi aplicado no plantio nas doses O, 15, 30, 60, 120, 200 e 300 mg kg-1 de N; uma segunda aplicação de N foi realizada após o primeiro corte do capim, nas doses O, 30, 60, 120, 210, 330 e 450 mg kg-1 de N para o Aruana e O, 20, 40, 80, 160, 280 e 400 kg-1 de N para o Mombaça. O Aruana foi cultivado durante 34 dias tanto no primeiro quanto no segundo corte, enquanto o Mombaça foi cultivado durante 28 dias no primeiro corte e 3 5 dias no segundo. A parte aérea das plantas foi separada em (a) folhas não expandidas, isto é, lâminas das folhas superiores não apresentando lígula visível; (b) lâminas de folhas novas, compreendendo as duas folhas superiores totalmente expandidas e apresentando lígula visível; ( c) lâminas de folhas velhas, representadas pelas lâminas das folhas restantes totalmente expandidas e com lígula visível; (d) colmos + bainhas, isto é, os próprios colmos das plantas mais as bainhas que permaneceram nos colmos. Foram determinados os teores de N-total e N-nitrato nas diversas partes da planta, assim como o teor de clorofila ( em valores SP AD) das folhas por meio de um clorofilômetro portátil. A aplicação de nitrogênio aumentou a produção de matéria seca das raízes e da parte aérea, o número de perfilhes e os teores de N-total, N-nitrato e clorofila nas folhas dos cultivares de Panicum maximum. Os teores de N-nitrato foram mais elevados nos colmos + bainhas do que nas demais partes da planta, para ambos os cultivares e cortes. As lâminas das folhas novas foram a parte da planta mais adequada para avaliar o estado nutricional da cultura em relação ao nitrogênio. No Aruana os níveis críticos determinados nas folhas foram 18,8 e 21,6 g kg-1 para o N-total, 0,584 e 0,713 g kg-1 para o N-nitrato e 32,7 e 39,7 para os valores SPAD. No Mombaça os níveis críticos foram 20,8 e 22,9 g kg-1 para o N-total, 0,903 e 0,650 g kg-1 para o N-nitrato e 32,0 e 38,6 para os valores SPAD.
 
Title in English
Nutrient diagnosis and responses to nitrogen fertilization of Panicum maximum Jacq., cv. Aruana and Mombaça, cultivated in red-yellow latosol
Keywords in English

Abstract in English
Two greenhouse experiments in a randomized complete block design with eight replicates were carried out in the “Instituto de Zootecnia” at Nova Odessa, State of São Paulo, Brazil, from October to December of 1996, with the objective of evaluating the effect of nitrogen application on the yield of dry matter and number of tillers of two cultivars of Panicum maximum Jacq, Aruana and Mombaça; the effect on nitrogen concentration (total-N and nitrate-N) in the plant tops, as well as on the amount of chlorophyll in the leaves were also determined; finally, the critica! leveis of nitrogen in the plant were determined and the plant part most suitable for this purpose was selected. The plants were grown in soil samples collected from the 0-20 cm layer of a distrophic Red- Yellow Latosol. For both cultivars nitrogen was applied at planting in rates of 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 200 and 300 mg Kg -1 of N; a second addition of N was performed after the first cut ofthe grass, in rates of 0, 30, 60,120,210,330 and 450 mg kg-1 of N in the Aruana and 0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 280 and 400 kg-1 of N in the Mombaça. Aruana was grown for 34 days before each cut, whereas Mombaça was cultivated for 28 days before the first cut and for 35 days before the second. Plant tops were separated in (a) non expanded leaves, i.e., blades of upper leaves without visible ligule; (b) blades of young leaves, comprising the two upper leaves that were totally expanded and having visible ligule; (c) blades of old leaves, represented by the blades of the remaining leaves that were totally expanded and having visible ligule; (d) stems + sheaths, i.e., the actual plant stems plus the sheaths that remained attached to the stems. Total-N and nitrate-N concentrations in the plant parts were determined, as well as the amount of chlorophyll (SP AD values) in the leaves by means of a portable chlorophyllometer. Nitrogen application increased the yield of dry matter of roots and tops, the number of tillers and the concentration of total-N, nitrate-N and chlorophyll in the leaves of both Panicum maximum cultivars. Nitrate concentration was higher in stems + sheaths than in the other plant parts, for both cultivars and cropping periods. The blades of young leaves were the most adequate plant part for evaluating the nitrogen status of Aruana and Mombaça grasses. In Aruana, the critical levels determined in these leaves were, respectively for each cut, 18.8 and 21.6 g kg -1 for total-N, 0.584 and 0.713 g kg -1 for nitrate-N and 32.7 and 39.7 for the SP AD values. ln Mombaça, the critical levels were 20.8 and 22.9 g kg-1 for total-N, 0.903 and 0.650 g kg -1 for nitrate-N and 32.0 and 38.6 for the SPAD values.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-01-07
 
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