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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.1983.tde-20210104-193258
Document
Author
Full name
Romildo Albuquerque dos Santos
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1982
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Concentração e acúmulo de nutrientes pela cultura do gergelim (Sesamum indicum, L.), cultivar Venezuela
Keywords in Portuguese
GERGELIM
TEOR DE NUTRIENTES
Abstract in Portuguese
Tendo-se como objetivo conhecer o comportamento nutricional da cultura de Gergelim (Sesamum indicum, L .), instalou-se um ensaio no campo experimental do Departamento de Agricultura e Horticultura, da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” - Universidade de São Paulo, visando analisar o crescimento, determinar as concentrações, calcular a acumulação de nutrientes e avaliar a exportação pela colheita do cultivar Venezuela, em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento. O experimento foi conduzido no decorrer do ano agrícola 1981/1982, num solo Terra Roxa Estruturada, Série Luiz de Queiroz. O delineamento estatístico foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, um cultivar e oito épocas de amostragem. As primeiras amostras foram coletadas 28 dias após a emergência das plântulas (desbaste) e as demais em intervalos regulares de 12 dias, de tal maneira que sempre houvessem outras quatro competitivas na fileira. No material coletado (folha, caule e fruto), determinou-se os teores e acúmulo de macronutrientes e micronutrientes, com exceção do molibdênio e cloro, assim como a quantidade de matéria seca. Concluiu-se que: a) até os 112 dias a produção de matéria seca foi de 14,00 toneladas por hectare; b) a matéria seca acumulada nas folhas tem representação quadrática, nos caules é sigmoidal e nos frutos linear; c) a concentração dos nutrientes foi sempre maior nas folhas do que nos caules, com exceção apenas do potássio; d) a acumulação dos nutrientes foi sempre maior nas folhas do que nos caules, com exceção do potássio e do zinco; e) a concentração dos nutrientes nos órgãos amostrados, ocorreu na seguinte ordem: Folha: N (3,97%) > K (3,60%) > Ca (2,91%) > P (0,54%) > Mg (0,45%) > S (0,30%). Fe (772,46ppm) > Mn (311, 83ppm) > Zn (117,20ppm) > B (95, 33ppm) > Cu (22, 99ppm ). Caule: K (6,14%) > N (1,48%) > Ca (1,36%) > Mg (0,42%) > P (0,40%) > S (0,22%). Fe (528,08ppm) > Mn (148,41ppm) > B (72,28ppm) > Zn (65,09ppm) > Cu (15,89ppm). Fruto: K (1,86%) > N (1,61%) > Ca (0,41%) > P (0,40%) > Mg (0,21%) > S (0,20%). Fe (282,24ppm) > B (41,04ppm) > Mn (30,87ppm) > Zn (22,04ppm) > Cu (16,33ppm). f) a acumulação total dos nutrientes pela planta inteira foi crescente com a idade até os 112 dias, com exceção do P, K e B nas folhas e Ca, B e Fe nos caules. g) a acumulação pela planta (mg/planta) foi em ordem decrescente: N (5391,70) > K (4075,26) > Ca (2759,85) > P (986,72) > Mg (667,97) > S (647,01). Fe (134,42) > Mn (21,64) > Zn (10,54) > B (8,01) > Cu (3,81). h) a exportação através da colheita (mg/planta) foi em ordem decrescente : N (1931,10) > K (1747,70) > Ca (528,68) > P (492,69) > S (260,67) > Mg (245,54). Fe (67,17) > B (3,92) > Mn (3,75) > Zn (2,67) > Cu (1,54).
Title in English
Concentration and accumulation of nutrients in sesame plant (Sesamum indicum L.), CV. Venezuela
Keywords in English

Abstract in English
In order to obtain - the growth rate of sesame plant; - the concentration of macro and micronutrients in different organs of the plant; - the accumulation of nutrients by the entire plant; - the exportation of nutrients through the pods. A field trial was execute at Piracicaba (SL: 22° 41’31” and WL: 47° 38’01”), SP. Brazil in a soil classified as Terra Roxa Estruturada (Alfissol), Serie Luiz de Queiroz. Plants (4 replications) with 28, 40, 52, 64, 76, 88, 100 and 112 days olds after emergency were collected and divided into leaves, stems and pods. The material was dried at 80°C and analyzed for macro and some micronutrients. The main conclusions are: - at 112 days the maximum dry matter production obtained was 14.00 t/ha; - the accumulation of dry matter by the leaves attends a quadratic equation, for the stems a sigmoide and linear equation for the pods; - the accumulations of the nutrients were always higher in the leaves than in the stems with the exception of K and Zn; - the concentration of the nutrients in the leaves, stems and pods, obeyed the following order: Leaves: N(3. 97%) > K(3.60%) > Ca(2.91%) > P (0.54%) > Mg (0.45%) > S (0.30%). Fe(772 ppm) > Mn(311 ppm) > Zn(117 ppm) > B(95 ppm) > Cu (23 ppm). Stems: K(6.14%) > N(1.48%) > Ca(1.36%) > Mg(0.42%) > P(0.40%) > S(0.22%). Fe (528.08ppm) > Mn(148.41ppm) > B (72. 28ppm) > Zn(65.09ppm) > Cu (15.89 ppm). Pods: K(1.86%) > N(1.61%) > Ca(0.41%) > P(0.40%) > Mg(0,21%) > S(0.20%). Fe(282.24ppm) > B(41.04ppm) > Mn(30.87ppm) > Zn(22.04ppm) > Cu(16.33ppm). - the total accumulation of nutrients by the entire plant was increased with the age until 112 days except for P, K and B in the leaves and Ca, B and Fe in the stems. the accumulation of nutrients by the plants (mg) at the final growth stage were: N(5391.70) > K(4075.26) > Ca (2759.85) > P (986.72 ) > Mg (667.97) > S (647.01). Fe(134.42) > Mn(21.64) > Zn(10.64) > B(8.01) > Cu (3.81).
 
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Publishing Date
2021-01-07
 
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