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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2014.tde-11082014-164257
Document
Author
Full name
Carolina Bonfanti Fiori
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Brazaca, Solange Guidolin Canniatti (President)
Silva, Maria Elisabeth Machado Pinto e
Sturion, Gilma Lucazechi
Title in Portuguese
Efeito da germinação de grão e temperatura de processamento na composição nutricional de dietas crudívoras
Keywords in Portuguese
Crudivorismo
Germinação
Tratamento térmico
Vegetarianismo
Abstract in Portuguese
A busca por um estilo de vida saudável tem motivado diversos indivíduos a mudanças em seus hábitos alimentares. O crudivorismo, também conhecido por alimentação viva ou alimentação crua (raw food) destaca-se dentre as demais dietas vegetarianas devido aos seus fundamentos, princípios e estilo de vida. Os crudívoros se abstêm de aplicação térmica, pois argumentam que as comidas cruas contem as próprias enzimas digestivas que facilitam a digestão dos alimentos no organismo. Para evitar possíveis deficiências e interferências nutricionais e manter dieta predominantemente crua, os crudívoros necessitam de planejamento adequado e seleção de alimentos apropriados. O presente estudo tem por objetivo verificar a adequação nutricional de uma dieta crudívora composta por vegetais, grãos germinados, alimentos de diferentes fontes lipídicas e submetidas a três temperaturas de processamento. O preparo das dietas crudívoras e as análises químicas foram realizados no laboratório de Nutrição Humana, do Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz". Para a elaboração das dietas crudívoras foi utilizado uma dieta base, constituído de batata com casca, tomate vermelho cru, couve crua com talos e suco de limão. A esta dieta base foram acrescidas lentilha germinada ou lentilha não germinada e a estas amostras, amendoim germinado ou azeite de oliva. Posteriormente foram submetidas a diferentes temperaturas de processamento, 25 ºC, 40 ºC e 80 ºC. Os grãos de lentilha e amendoim foram germinados por 24 horas sob ausência de luz. As dietas foram classificadas como D1 (dieta base; lentilha germinada; azeite de oliva), D2 (dieta base; lentilha germinada; amendoim germinado), D3 (dieta base; lentilha não germinada; azeite de oliva) e D4 (dieta base; lentilha não germinada; amendoim germinado). O processo de germinação e o tratamento térmico interferiram nos teores da maior parte dos nutrientes analisados. A inclusão de lentilha germinada nas dietas crudívoras proporcionou o incremento nos teores de umidade, cinzas, carboidrato, fibra solúvel, vitamina C, cálcio, ferro dialisável e níquel dialisável e redução nos teores de proteína, fibra insolúvel, taninos, capacidade antioxidante por DPPH e ABTS. As dietas crudívoras a 25ºC apresentaram maiores teores de cinzas, taninos e cálcio e menores concentrações de ácido fítico, em contra partida, as dietas a 80 ºC apresentaram teores superiores de fibra solúvel, ácido fítico, vitamina C, capacidade antioxidante por DPPH e ABTS, boro, manganês, ferro dialisável e cálcio dialisável. As dietas crudívoras submetidas a 80 ºC apresentaram valores de referência de Coliformes a 45 ºC, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus e Samonella de acordo com resolução vigente. No entanto, as dietas a 25 ºC e 40 ºC apresentaram quantidade superior ao limite máximo estabelecidos dos microrganismos analisados. Pode ser observado que a inclusão de grãos germinados proporcionou maiores alterações nutricionais nas dietas crudívoras que o tratamento térmico.
Title in English
Effect of grain germination and processing temperature on the nutritional composition of raw food diets
Keywords in English
Germination
Heat treatment
Raw food diets
Vegetarianism
Abstract in English
The search for a healthy lifestyle has motivated many individuals to change their eating habits. The crudivorism, also known as living nourishment or raw food, stands out among the other vegetarian diets due to its fundaments and principles. The adepts of a raw food diet abstain from eating heated food, arguing that raw nutriment contains digestive enzymes that facilitate food digestion in the body. To avoid nutritional deficiencies, nutritional interferences and maintain a predominantly raw diet, proper planning is required, as well as a good selection of appropriate nourishment items. The present study aims at determining the nutritional adequacy of a raw food diet consisted of vegetables, germinated grains and foods of different lipid sources, which were subjected to three processing temperatures. The preparation of the raw food diets and its consequent chemical analyzes were performed in the Human Nutrition laboratory of the Department of Agroindustry, Food and Nutrition from the School of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz". For the formulation of such raw food diets, it was used a basis diet consisting of potato with peeling, raw tomato, raw kale with stalks and lemon juice. To this diet it was added germinated or non-germinated lentils and, to these samples it was added germinated peanuts or olive oil. Subsequently, they were subjected to different processing temperatures, 25º C, 40ºC and 80ºC. The lentil grains and peanuts had been germinated for 24 hours in absence of light. The diets were classified as D1 (basis diet; germinated lentils; olive oil), D2 (basis diet; germinated lentils, germinated peanuts), D3 (basis diet, nongerminated lentils, olive oil) and D4 (basis diet; non-germinated lentils, germinated peanuts). The germination process and heat treatment interfered on most of the compositions of the analyzed nutrients. The inclusion of germinated lentils into raw food diets provided the increase in moisture, ashes, carbohydrates, soluble fiber, vitamin C, calcium, dialyzable iron, dialyzable nickel as well as reduction of proteins, insoluble fiber, tannins and antioxidant capacity by DPPH and ABTS. Raw food diets at 25°C presented higher levels of ashes, tannins and calcium and lower levels of phytic acid. On the other hand, the diets at 80°C presented higher concentration of soluble fiber, phytic acid, vitamin C, antioxidant capacity by DPPH and ABTS, boron, manganese, dialyzable iron and dialyzable calcium. Raw food diets subjected to 80°C presented remarkable levels of Coliforms at 45ºC, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella, according to the current resolution. Nevertheless, diets at 25ºC and at 40ºC presented levels that were higher than the established limits to the analyzed microorganisms. It could be observed that the inclusion of germinated grains to raw food diets yielded higher nutritional changes than did the submission to heat treatment.
 
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Publishing Date
2014-08-18
 
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