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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2005.tde-05052005-171354
Document
Author
Full name
Uemerson Silva da Cunha
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2004
Supervisor
Committee
Vendramim, José Djair (President)
Bogorni, Paulo César
Cônsoli, Fernando Luis
Martins, Jose Francisco da Silva
Vieira, Paulo Cezar
Title in Portuguese
Busca de substâncias de Trichilia pallida e Trichilia pallens (Meliaceae) com atividade sobre a traça-do-tomateiro Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lep.: Gelechiidae).
Keywords in Portuguese
fitossanidade
meliacea
plantas produtoras de pesticidas
pragas de plantas
rutales
tomate
traças
Abstract in Portuguese
A partir de extratos aquosos e não aquosos das meliáceas Trichilia pallida e Trichilia pallens, objetivou-se fazer o isolamento e identificação de substâncias com atividade inseticida sobre a traça-do-tomateiro Tuta absoluta. Para tanto, extratos aquosos liofilizados (EAL) a 3 % de folhas e ramos de ambas as espécies de Trichilia foram ressuspendidos em água e aplicados, por meio de mini-atomizador, sobre folíolos de tomateiro, os quais foram infestados com lagartas recém-eclodidas. Com base nos resultados de mortalidades aos 5 e 10 dias após a infestação (DAI), consideraram-se os EAL de folhas de ambas Trichilia mais eficientes que os respectivos extratos de ramos. Numa segunda etapa, foram obtidos por maceração, extratos de folhas de T. pallida e T. pallens em hexano (HEX), diclorometano (DIC) e metanol (MET), os quais foram avaliados, a 1%, como descrito anteriormente, incluindo-se acetona e água como controles. Dentre os referidos extratos, o em DIC de ambas Trichilia foi o mais promissor como fonte de substância(s) com atividade inseticida sobre lagartas de T. absoluta. Na seqüência, através de partição líquido líquido do extrato DIC de folhas, obtiveram-se as frações em HEX, MET, acetato de etila (AET), n-butanol (NBU) e aquosa (AQ) para T. pallida e T. pallens. Destas frações, a AET a 0,15 % e a AQ a 0,1 % do extrato em DIC de T. pallida e de T. pallens respectivamente, foram as mais promissoras como fontes de substâncias com atividade inseticida sobre T. absoluta. A partir do extrato em DIC de folhas de T. pallida foram isolados os triterpenos 24-metilenocicloarta-3β-ol (TRIT-1), 24-metilenocicloarta-3β-26- diol (TRIT-2) e cicloarta-23-eno-3β,25-diol (TRIT-3), os esteróides 24- etileno-3,22-diidroxi-colesterol (EST-1), 24-metileno-colesterol (EST-2) e 24-metileno-3β,4β,22-triidroxi-colesterol (EST-3), além do limonóide gedunina (LIM) obtido de frutos dessa planta. Estas substâncias foram avaliadas a 0,1 % sobre lagartas de T. absoluta conforme metodologia de bioensaio descrita anteriormente, avaliando-se a mortalidade de lagartas aos 5 e 9 DAI, duração e viabilidade das fases larval e pupal, peso de pupas e porcentagem de adultos deformados. Dentre as substâncias avaliadas, a TRIT-1, a EST-1 e a LIM foram as mais eficientes, alongando a fase larval e reduzindo a viabilidade dessa fase.
Title in English
Searching Trichilia pallida and Trichilia pallens (meliaceae)for substances with insecticidal activity against the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lep.: Gelechiidae).
Keywords in English
leafminer
meliaceae
pest of plants
pesticide producing plants
phytosanitary
rutales
tomato
Abstract in English
Organic and aqueous extracts of the Meliaceae Trichilia pallida and Trichilia pallens were produced for the isolation and identification of substances with insecticidal activity against the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta. Leaf and twig freeze-dried aqueous extracts (FDA) of both Trichilia species were resuspended in water at a concentration of 3% and sprayed over tomato folioles with the aid of a mini-atomizer, which were infested with newly-hatched larvae. Larval mortality at 5 and 10 days after infestation (DAI) were higher for leaf extracts of both Trichilia species. In a second set of experiments, 1% leaf extracts of T. pallida and T. pallens were produced by maceration in hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DIC) and methanol (MET), and tested as described above using acetone and water as control. DIC extracts were the most promising as a source of substances with insecticidal activity against larvae of T. absoluta. DIC leaf extracts of T. pallida and T. pallens were further processed and subjected to partition assays, producing fractions in HEX, MET, ethyl acetate (ETA), n-butanol (NBU) and water (WA). After testing, 0.15% ETA and 0.1% WA fractions obtained from the partition assay of DIC extracts of T. pallida and T. pallens, respectively, showed the highest insecticidal activity against T. absoluta. Leaf extracts of T. pallida in dichloromethane (DIC) yielded six compounds, the triterpenes 24-methylene-cycloarta-3β-ol (TRIT-1), 24-methylene-cycloarta-3β-26- diol (TRIT-2) and cycloarta-23-en-3β,25-diol (TRIT-3) and the steroids 24-methylene-3,22-dihidroxi-cholesterol (EST-1), 24-methylenecholesterol (EST-2) and 24-methylene-3β,4β,22-trihidroxi-cholesterol (EST-3); the limonoid gedunine (LIM) was obtained from fruits of this plant. The insecticidal activity of all these substances against T. absoluta larvae were tested at 0.1% as previously described, assessing larval mortality at 5 and 9 DAI, larval and pupal developmental time and survivorship, pupal weight and adult malformation. TRIT-1, EST-1 and LIM were the most effective against T. absoluta by arresting larval development and reducing larval survivorship.
 
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Publishing Date
2005-05-10
 
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