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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2019.tde-20191218-165714
Document
Author
Full name
Willy Ramon Chiaravalle Vazquez
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1988
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Biologia comparada de Pseudoplusia includens (Walker 1857) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) em dietas naturais e artificiais e efeito de um vírus de poliedrose nuclear na sua mortalidade e no consumo da área foliar da soja
Keywords in Portuguese
BACULOVIRUS
BIOLOGIA
CRIAÇÃO MASSAL
DIETA ARTIFICIAL
LAGARTA FALSA-MEDIDEIRA
POLIEDROSE NUCLEAR
Abstract in Portuguese
Com o objetivo de desenvolver uma dieta artificial que permita a criação contínua de Pseudoplusia includens (Walker, 1857) e de avaliar a potencialidade do uso de um Baculovirus no controle desta lagarta, desenvolveu-se a presente pesquisa. Os estudos foram conduzidos em condições de laboratório mantido a 25 ± 2°C com uma umidade relativa de 65 ± 5% e fotofase de 14 h. Foram comparadas oito dietas artificiais e dois alimentos naturais (folhas de soja 'IAC-8' e de girassol 'Uruguai '), avaliando-se os diferentes parâmetros biológicos e elaborando-se tabelas de vida de fertilidade para as dietas mais promissoras. O desempenho do inseto ao longo das gerações foi estudado com base em sua capacidade de conversao protéica. O efeito do Baculovirus foi determinado nos cinco instares larvais do inseto, nas concentrações de 3, 9, 27, 81 e 243 poliedros/mm2 de superfície de dieta artificial, avaliando-se o seu efeito na mortalidade e no consumo de área foliar quando infectada nos diferentes instares. Foram determinados a CL50 e o TL50 para estas concentrações estudadas. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que as dietas artificiais à base de feijão, levedura e germe de trigo ou à base destes componentes mais caseína e farinha de soja (além de solução vitamínica) podem substituir as dietas naturais para criação massal de P. includens, pois não afetaram a longevidade, capacidade e ritmo de postura, número de cópulas, período de incubação e razão sexual deste inseto em relação aos alimentos naturais. A despeito de terem proporcionado maior duração da fase larval em relação às folhas de girassol e soja, promoveram um maior peso de pupas, maior viabilidade total e um menor número de instares de P. includens em relação à soja. A dieta artificial à base de feijão, levedura e germe de trigo, permitiu a criação da falsa medideira por gerações sucessivas, com uma taxa líquida de reprodução superior às dietas naturais, além de ser uma dieta de baixo custo e fácil preparo. As viabilidades totais obtidas nas dietas artificiais podem ser melhoradas com ajustes no preparo da dieta e com a manutenção dos recipientes de criação numa posição adequada durante o desenvolvimento larval deste noctuideo. O vírus de poliedrose nuclear (VPN) é eficiente, em laboratório, no controle de P. includens. A CL50 aumenta com o passar dos instares, e o TL50 aumenta com o passar dos instares para cada concentração do vírus e diminui, para cada instar, com o aumento da concentração. Este vírus tem condições de ser incorporado em programas de Manejo de Pragas da soja, desde que aplicado em lagartas de P. includens que se encontrem, no máximo, no 3º instar
Title in English
Compared biology of Pseudoplusia includes (Walker, 1857) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) on natural and artificial diets and the effect of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus on its mortality and on the consumption of soybean leaf area
Abstract in English
The objective of this study was to develop an artificial diet which would permit the continuous rearing of Pseudoplusa includes (Walker, 1857) as well as to assess the potentiality of the use of a Baculovirus for controlling such a larva. The studies were carried out under laboratory conditions maintained at 25 ± 2°C, relative humidity of 65 ± 5%, and photophase of 14 hours. Eight artificial diets and two natural foods ('IAC-8' soybean and 'Uruguai' sunflower leaves) were compared, the different biological parameters were evaluated, and fecundity life tables were prepared for the most promising diets. The performance of the insect along generations was studied on the basis of its protein conversion capacity. The Baculovirus effect was determined in the five larval instars of the insect at concentrations of 3, 9, 27,81, and 243 polyhedrons/mm of artificial diet surface, and its effect on the mortality and consumption of leaf area when infected in the different instars was evaluated. The LC50 and LT50 were determined for the concentrations studied. The results obtained allow stating that artificial diets based on beans, yeast and wheat germ, or based on these components plus casein and soybean meal (besides a vitamin solution) may replace natural diets for mass rearing of, P. includes, as these diets did not affect the longevity, egg laying capacity and rate, number of copulations, incubation period and sexual ratio of this insect, when compared with natural foods. In spite of having provided a greater duration of the larval phase as compared with sunflower and soybean leaves, they promoted a greater pupa weight, higher total viability, and a lower number of P. includes instars, as compared with soybeans. The bean, yeast and wheat germ artificial diet permitted the soybean looper rearing for successive generations, with a net reproduction rate superior to the natural diets, besides being a low cost and easy preparation diet. The total viabilities obtained on the artificial diets may be improved with adjustments in the preparation of the diet and by maintaining the rearing containers in an adequate position during the larval development of this noctuid. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) is efficient for P. includes control under laboratory conditions. The LC50 increases through the instars, and the LT50 increases through the instars for each concentration of the virus and decreases, for each instar, with the increase in concentration. This virus may be incorporated into soybean pest management programs provided it is applied on P. includes larvae which are in the 3rd instar, at the maximum
 
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Publishing Date
2019-12-19
 
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