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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2019.tde-20191220-131246
Document
Author
Full name
Paulo Marçal Fernandes
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1990
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Controle microbiano de Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar, 1832) (isoptera - termitidae) utilizando Beauveria bassiana (bals.) Vuill e Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok
Keywords in Portuguese
CUPIM DE MONTÍCULO
CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO
FUNGOS ENTOMOPATOGÊNICOS
PASTAGENS
Abstract in Portuguese
Controle microbiano de Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar, 1832) (Isoptera - Termitidae) utilizando Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill e Metarhizium anisopliae(Metsch.) Sorok Estudou-se em laboratório e campo a potencialidade dos fungos Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill e Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. como alternativa biológica no controle de colônias de Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar.1832), importante praga das pastagens no Brasil. Em bioensaios de laboratório selecionaram-se isolados de B. bassiana e M. anisopliae com alta virulência a C. cumulans os quais foram, posteriormente, comparados em testes de campo, obtendo-se dois isolados (1 de B. bassiana e 1 de M. anisopliae) que provocaram 100% de mortalidade e elevado índice de conidiação sobre os cadáveres. Foram feitos outros testes no campo para estudo de doses, formulações, métodos e épocas de aplicação e sobrevivência dos fungos no interior dos cupinzeiros de C. cumulans. A dose de dois gramas de conídios puros, aplicada com uma polvilhadeira manual, provocou mais de 90% de mortalidade das colônias pelas 2 espécies de fungos. A espécie B. bassiana foi mais eficiente no inverno e M. anisopliae no verão. Conídios de M. anisopliae se mantiveram viáveis e virulentos a C. cumulans, no mínimo, por 90 dias no interior dos cupinzeiros, enquanto B. bassiana perdeu a viabilidade em menos de 45 dias. Comprovou-se também, em bioensaios de laboratório e teste de campo, a patogenicidade e eficiência desses fungos no controle das seguintes espécies de cupins: Cornitermes snyderi Emerson, Syntermes sp., Cryptotermes sp., Coptotermes havilandi Holmgren, Heterotermes sp. e Nasutitermes sp. Na comparação de custos de controle entre B. bassiana, M. anisoppliae e três inseticidas químicos, ficou evidente que os fungos são mais econômicos que os inseticidas químicos para o controle de C. cumulans.
Title in English
Microbial control of Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar, 1832) (Isoptera, Termitidae) with Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. And Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch,) Sorok
Abstract in English
This research deals with the use of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill, and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. as a biological alternative on the control of Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar), an important pest of pastures in Brazil. Isolates of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae highly virulents to C. cumulans were selected by laboratory bioassays and compared in field tests. From these field tests two isolates were selected, one of B. bassiana and one of M. anisopliae, which caused 100% of mortality and a high index of conidiation on the dead termites. Field tests were also carried out to determine dosages, formulations, methods and time of application, as well as the survival of the fungi inside the nests of C. cumulans. The dosage of 2g of pure conidia, applied by dusting, caused more than 90% of mortality of the termite nests by the two species of fungi. B. bassiana was more effective in the wintertime while M. anisopliae was more effective in the summertime. The M. anisopliae conidia were viable and virulent to C. cumulans for at least 90 days inside the termite nests, whereas the B. bassiana ones lost the viability in less than 45 days. The laboratory bioasssays and the field tests also confirmed the pathogenicity and efficiency of these fungi on the control of the following species of termites: Cornitermes snyderi Emerson, Syntermes sp., Cryptotermes sp., Coptotermes havilandi Holgren, Heterotermes sp. and Nasutitermes sp. The comparison of costs of control among B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and three chemical insecticides indicated that the fungi are more economical than the chemical insecticides on the control of C. cumulans
 
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Publishing Date
2019-12-20
 
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