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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.1983.tde-20210104-180613
Document
Author
Full name
José Francisco da Silva Martins
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1983
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Resistência de variedades de arroz à Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera-Pyralidae) e sua associação com características biofísicas e bioquímicas das plantas
Keywords in Portuguese
ARROZ
BROCA-DA-CANA-DE-ACÚCAR
CARACTERÍSTICAS BIOFÍSICAS
CARACTERÍSTICAS BIOQUÍMICAS
Abstract in Portuguese
A pesquisa foi realizada para determinar se a resistência do tipo antibiose em arroz à D. saccharalis está associada a características biofísicas ou bioquímicas das plantas. Para tal, foram estudados os efeitos das variedades IAC-25, IAC-47, DD-48, Patnai-6, Ti Ho Hung, TKM-6 e Suyai-20, no crescimento de lagartas, utilizando-se três tipos de alimentos: plantas intactas cultivadas em telado; pedaços de colmos; dietas artificiais contendo extratos aquosos de plantas. O efeito da alimentação em pedaços de colmos e em dietas artificiais foi avaliado, em condições controladas de laboratório, através de parâmetros biológicos do inseto e dos índices nutricionais digestibilidade aproximada {AD), eficiência de conversão do alimento ingerido (ECI) e eficiência de conversão do alimento digerido (ECD). Na forma de planta intacta, as variedades IAC-25 e IAC-47 foram as mais adequadas ao crescimento das lagartas, enquanto as demais variedades causaram um efeito de antibiose reduzindo o crescimento do inseto. A técnica de infestar pedaços de colmos com lagartas revelou-se viável para discriminar as variedades quanto a resistência à D. saccharalis mas não para separar os efeitos dos fatores biofísicos e bioquímicos das plantas responsáveis pela antibiose. Em dietas artificiais contendo extratos aquosos de plantas, o efeito dos fatores biofísicos da planta foram completamente eliminados. A “inoculação” destas dietas com lagartas, recém-eclodidas, foi considerado o método mais apropriado para analisar o efeito isolado da composição química das variedades sobre o crescimento do inseto. A quantidade de dieta consumida e o valor de ECD foram os parâmetros que melhor explicaram tal efeito. A natureza da antibiose foi determinada pelo confronto do resultado de crescimento de lagartas, em plantas intactas da variedade, com o obtido na dieta artificial correspondente: em variedades desfavoráveis ao inseto na forma de planta intacta, mas favoráveis em dieta artificial, a antibiose foi considerada ser de natureza biofísica; em variedades, desfavoráveis tanto na forma de planta intacta como em dieta artificial, a antibiose foi. considerada ser pelo menos de natureza bioquímica, não sendo eliminada, entretanto a possibilidade de um efeito adverso também de fatores biofísicos da planta intacta. Em dieta artificial, a variedade DD-48 foi a menos adequada ao crescimento de lagartas. Como consequência, reduziu sensivelmente as viabilidades larval, pupal e total, aumentou a porcentagem de adultos deformados e diminuiu a capacidade reprodutiva do inseto. A resistência do tipo antibiose que a variedade apresenta à D. saccharalis na forma de planta intacta, está associada, entre outras causas, a características bioquímicas das plantas.
Title in English
Resistance of rice varieties to Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera-Pyralidae) and its association with biophysical and biochemical characteristics of plants
Keywords in English

Abstract in English
This research was conducted to determine whether antibiosis type resistance in rice to D. saccharalis associated with b iophysical and biochemical characteristics of the plants. For this, the ef f ects of varieties IAC-25, IAC-47, DD-48, Patnai-6, Ti Ho Hung, TKM-6 and Suyai-20 on larval growth were studied, utilizing three feeding types: rice intact plants cultivated in greenhouse; stem pieces; artificial diets containing water extracts of plants. The effect of feeding on stern pieces and on artificial diets was assessed under controlled laboratory condi tions through the insect’s biological parameters and of the nutritional indexes approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD). Under the forro of intact plant, varieties IAC-25 and IAC-47 proved to be the most adequate for larval growth, while the other varieties studied caused an antibiosis effect, reducing insect growth. The technique of infesting stem pieces with larvae in dicated its feasibility for discriminating varieties as to resistance to D. saccharalis, but n ot for separating the effects of the plant 's biophysical and biochemical factors responsible for the antibiosis. In artificial diets containing plant water extracts, the effect of the plant’s biophysical factors was completed eliminated. The “inoculation” of these diets with recently hatched larvae was considered to be the most adequate method for analyzing the isolated effect of varietal chemical composition on insect growth. The amount of diet consumed and the ECD value were the parameters which better explained such effect. The antibiosis nature was determined by canparing larval growth results, in intact plants of the variety, whith those obtained in the corresponding artificial diet: in varieties unfavorable to the insect in the forro of intact plant , but favorable in artificial diet, the antibiosis was considered to be of a biophysical nature; in varieties unfavorable in both intact plant forro as well as artificial diet, the antibiosis was considered to be less of a biochemical nature; however, the possibility of an adverse effect of biophysical factors of the intact plant was not eliminated. ln an artificial diet, variety DD-48 was the least adequate for larval growth. As a consequence, it considerably reduced larval, pupal and total viabilities, increased t he percentage of deformed adults and decreased the reproductive capacity of the insect. The antibiosis type resistance which the variety presents to D. saccharalis in the forrn of intact plant is asscx::iated, among other causes, to biochemical characteristics of the plants.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-01-07
 
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