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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2003.tde-20210104-201020
Document
Author
Full name
Jorge Anderson Guimarães
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2002
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Taxonomia e comportamento de parasitismo de Eucolinae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) parasitóides de larvas frugívoras (Diptera)
Keywords in Portuguese
COMPORTAMENTO
CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO
EUCOILÍNEOS
INSETOS PARASITOIDES
LARVAS FRUGÍVORAS
TAXONOMIA
Abstract in Portuguese
Os eucoilíneos são endoparasitóides coinobiontes de larva-pupa de dípteros ciclorrafos. Várias espécies têm sido associadas às larvas de moscas frugívoras (Tephritidae, Lonchaeidae e Drosophilidae). Foram feitos estudos taxonômicos com as espécies de eucoilíneos e constatou-se que Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brethes) e Aganaspis nordlanderi Wharton (neotropicais) não pertencem ao gênero Aganaspis, mas aos gêneros Ganaspis Forster e Trybliographa Forster, respectivamente. Tropideucoila weldi Costa Lima é sinônimo júnior de Dettmeria weldi (Costa Lima), Lopheucoila truncicola Weld é sinônimo júnior de Lopheucoila anastrephae (Rhower) e Odontosema anastrephae Borgmeier é sinônimo júnior de Odontosema albinerve Kieffer. Foram examinados 4.602 espécimes de eucoilíneos procedentes de 13 Estados de todas as regiões do País. Foram identificadas seis espécies: Dicerataspis grenadensis Ashmead, Ganaspis pelleranoi (Brethes), Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carton & Kelner-Pillaut), Lopheucoila anastrephae (Rhower), Odontosema albinerve Kieffer e Trybliographa infuscata Gallardo, Diaz & Uchôa. Foi elaborada uma chave para a identificação dessas espécies. As espécies mais numerosas nos levantamentos foram G. pelleranoi (34,20% ), L. boulardi (24, 16%) e D. grenadensis (16, 71 %). Não foi possível associar nenhuma espécie de Eucoilinae às espécies de moscas-das-frutas (Tephritidae), devido à metodologia de coleta. Os parasitóides foram obtidos de larvas frugívoras coletadas de 36 espécies de frutos pertencentes a 14 famílias, sendo que os frutos de Myrtaceae e Anacardiaceae foram os mais atrativos. Em experimentos com olfatômetro de quatro braços, constatou-se G. pelleranoi é mais atraído pelos voláteis de goiabas infestadas do que pelas goiabas não-infestadas; não distingue os voláteis emitidos por goiabas infestadas por hospedeiros nativos (Anastrepha spp.) dos voláteis emitidos por goiabas infestadas por hospedeiro exótico (Ceratitis capitata) e não reconhece os voláteis de goiabas infestadas com larvas maduras dos voláteis de goiabas infestadas com larvas jovens. Constatou-se D. grenadensis é mais atraída por voláteis emitidos de goiabas podres infestadas com larvas de drosofilídeo do que pelos voláteis de goiabas podres não-infestadas e é capaz de distinguir entre os voláteis de goiabas podres infestadas com larvas de drosofilídeo dos voláteis de goiabas maduras infestadas com larvas de tefritídeos. Foi observado que G. pelleranoi e O. albinerve localizam as larvas hospedeiras nos frutos por meio de vibrotaxia e D. grenadensis localiza as larvas hospedeiras nos frutos com o ovipositor. Observou-se que D. grenadensis é parasitóide de larvas de Drosophilidae.
Title in English
Taxonomy and parasitism behaviour of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) parasitoids of frugivorous larvae (Diptera)
Keywords in English

Abstract in English
Eucoilinae are koinobiont endoparasitoids of larva-pupal of dipterous Cyclorrapha. Several species have been associated to frugivorous fly larvae (Tephritidae, Lonchaeidae and Drosophilidae ). Based on taxonomical studies, it was clarified that Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brethes) and Aganaspis nordlanderi Wharton (neotropical species) do not belong to genus Aganaspis, but to genera Ganaspis Forster and Trybliographa Fõrster, respectively. Tropideucoila weldi Costa Lima is junior synonym of Dettmeria weldi (Costa Lima), Lopheucoila truncicola Weld is junior synonym of Lopheucoila anastrephae (Rhower) and Odontosema anastrephae Borgmeier is junior synonym of Odontosema albinerve Kieffer. It was examined 4.602 eucoiline specimens of 13 States from all Brazilian regions. It was identified six species: Dicerataspis grenadensis Ashmead, Ganaspis pelleranoi (Brethes), Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carton & Kelner-Pillaut), Lopheucoila anastrephae (Rhower), Odontosema albinerve Kieffer and Trybliographa infuscata Gallardo, Diaz & Uchôa. A key to identify these species was elaborated. The most common species were G. pelleranoi (34,20% ), L. boulardi (24, 16%) and D. grenadensis (16, 71 %). It was not possible to associate any Eucoilinae spec1es to fruit fly species (Tephritidae), due to collecting methodology. The parasitoids were obtained from frugivorous larvae in 36 species of fruits belonging to 14 families. Fruits of Myrtaceae and Anacardiaceae were the most attractive ones for Eucoilinae species. By using a four-arms olfactometer, it was verified that G. pelleranoi is more attracted by volatile of fruits with larvae than fruits without larvae. This species does not distinguish volatile emitted by fruits infested with native host larvae (Anastrepha spp.) from those infested by exotic larvae (C. capitata). Also it is unable to recognize the volatile emitted by fruits infested with mature larvae from the volatile of fruits infested with young larvae. It was also verified that D. grenadensis is more attracted for volatile emitted by rotten fruits with Drosophilidae larvae than the volatile of non-infested rotten fruits, distinguishing volatile of rotten fruits infested with Drosophilidae from the volatile from ripe fruits infested with Tephritidae larvae. It was observed that G. pelleranoi and O. albinerve locate the host larvae in the fruits through vibrotaxia and D. grenadensis finds host larvae in fruits by using the ovipositor. We observed that D. grenadensis is a parasitoid of Drosophilidae larvae.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-01-07
 
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