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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.1979.tde-20220207-221630
Document
Author
Full name
Júlio César de Souza
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1979
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Levantamento, identificação e eficiência dos parasitos e predadores do "bicho mineiro" das folhas do cafeeiro, Perileucoptera coffeella (Guérin - Màneville, 1842) (Lepidoptera - Lyoneilidae) no Estado de Minas Gerais
Keywords in Portuguese
BICHO-MINEIRO-DO-CAFEEIRO
CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO
INSETOS PARASITAS
INSETOS PREDADORES
Abstract in Portuguese
Objetivou-se no presente estudo, levantar, identificar, mapear e descrever alguns hábitos das espécies de parasitos e predadores do bicho-mineiro, Perileucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville, 1842) (Lepidoptera-Lyonetiidae) que ocorrem no Estado de Minas Gerais. Baseado nos dados coletados sobre os parasitos e predadores, objetivou-se também indicar uma época de controle da praga onde se procurou preservar os inimigos naturais. O levantamento dos inimigos naturais foi realizado em todas as regiões cafeeiras do Estado. Para o levantamento dos parasitos, coletou-se folhas minadas até que perfizessem 50 lesões, sendo acondicionadas num saquinho plástico furado e etiquetado. No laboratório esperou-se pela emergência dos adultos dos parasitos, sendo colecionados em álcool 80%. Para os predadores, constatando-se as suas presenças pelas lesões dilaceradas, esperou-se pela dilaceração de outras lesões, anotando-se a epiderme dilacerada da lesão e as características do (s) predador (es). Após a identificação das espécies dos parasitos e predadores, procedeu-se ao mapeamento dos municípios onde as mesmas foram coletadas. Para obter os dados da flutuação da percentagem de parasitismo, coletou-se numa lavoura, quinzenalmente e durante 19 meses, folhas minadas até que perfizessem 50 ovos (córions), sendo acondicionados num saquinho plástico furado e etiquetado. No laboratório, após a emergência dos adultos do parasito, abriram-se todas as lesões anotando-se, dentre outras, as informações: total de parasitos; número de adultos, lagartas mortas e crisálidas do bicho-mineiro. De posse destas informações, calcularam-se as percentagens de parasitismo, sendo correlacionadas com os dados de flutuação da praga levantados na mesma lavoura. A avaliação da eficiência dos predadores foi feita coletando-se numa lavoura, quinzenalmente, folhas minadas até que perfizessem 100 lesões. No laboratório foram separadas e contadas as lesões normais e as dilaceradas pelas vespas predadoras, calculando-se, em seguida, a percentagem de lesões dilaceradas. Obteve-se dentre outras as seguintes conclusões: 1.1. Closterocerus coffeellae Ihering, 1913, Horismenus sp., Cirrospilus sp. (Eulophidae), Colastes letifer (Mann, 1872), Mirax sp. (Braconidae) e Proacrias sp. (Entedontidae), são as espécies de Hymenoptera parasitos levantados no Estado de Minas Gerais, sendo todos parasitos primários; 1.2. A percentagem de parasitismo variou de 2,00 a 44,90% com uma percentagem média de 17,91%; 1.3. Protonectarina silveirai Saussure, 1854, Brachygastra lecheguana (Latreille, 1824), Synoeca surinama cyanea (Fabricius, 1775), Polybia scutellaris (White, 1841) e Eumenes sp. (Hymenoptera-Vespidae) são as espécies de predadores levantadas no Estado de Minas Gerais; 1.4. A percentagem média de lesões dilaceradas pelas vespas predadoras foi de 69% indicando uma grande eficiência das mesmas; 1.5. Existe correlação positiva entre a flutuação da praga e a percentagem de parasitismo; 1.6. O controle da praga deve ser preventivo e iniciado em julho.
Title in English
Not available
Abstract in English
This research was carried out to study the following aspects: to survey, to identify, to map and to describe some habits of parasites and predators of the coffee leaf miner, Perileucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville, 1842) (Lepidoptera, Lyonetiidae), in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The data collected were also used to determine the best time to control the pest, preserving its natural enemies. The survey for natural enemies was accomplished in all the coffee areas of the State. For the parasite survey, leaves with mines were collected so as to totalize 50 lesions. These leaves were placed in a labeled plastic bag, previously pierced with a pin, and kept in laboratory. As the parasites emerged they were placed in 80% alcohol. For the predators, after they were evidenced by the lacerated lesions, the author waited for the laceration of other lesions and then recorded which leaf epidermis was being lacerated and the characteristics of the predator. After the identification of the parasites and predators, they were recorded in a map of the municipal districts where they were collected. The data of the fluctuation of the percentage of parasitism were obtained by collecting in the field, fortnightly and during 19 months, leaves with mines so as to totalize 50eggs (corions). These leaves were placed in a labeled pin pierced plastic bag and kept in laboratory. After the emergence of the parasites all the lesions were opened and the following observations were recorded: total of parasites, number of adults, larvae and pupae of the leaf miner. The percentage of parasitism was calculated with these data and correlated with the pest fluctuation data from the same field. The efficiency of the predators was evaluated by collecting in the field, fortnightly, leaves with mines so as to totalize 100 lesions. These leaves were taken to the laboratory where the normal and lacerated lesions were counted in order to calculate the percentage of lacerated lesions. The results were as follows: 1.1. Closterocerus coffeellae Ihering, 1913, Horismenus sp., Cirrospilus sp. (Eulophidae); Colastes letifer (Mann, 1872), Mirax sp. (Braconidae) and Proacrias sp. (Entedontidae ) were the primary hymenopteran parasites found in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil; 1.2. The percentage of parasitism ranged from 2.00 to. 44.90%, with a mean of 17.91%; 1.3. Protonectarina silveirai Saussure, 1854, Brachygastra lecheguana (Latreille, 1824), Synoeca surinama cyanea (Fabricius, 1775), Polybia scutellaris (White, 1841) and Eumenes sp. (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) were the predators found in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil; 1.4. The mean percentage of lacerated lesions done by the predator wasps was 69%, indicating a high efficiency of these insects in the natural control of the leaf miner; 1.5. There is a positive correlation between the pest fluctuation and the percentage of parasitism; 1.6. The control of the coffee leaf miner has to be preventive and to start in July.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-02-07
 
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