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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.1985.tde-20231122-093420
Document
Author
Full name
Quelzia Maria Silva Melo
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1985
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Aspectos biológicos de Metagonistylum minense Towns., 1927 e Paratheresia claripalpis (Wulp, 1896) (Diptera, Tachinidae) em diferentes temperaturas
Keywords in Portuguese
BIOLOGIA
INSETOS PARASITOIDES
MOSCAS
TEMPERATURA
Abstract in Portuguese
Estudaram-se as biologias de Metagonistylum minense Towns., 1927 e Paratheresia claripalpis (Wulp, 1896) parasitando Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794), em cinco temperaturas constantes (20, 22, 25, 30 e 32°C), compreendendo de dois níveis de “inoculação” (uma e duas larvas sobre o hospedeiro). A biologia destes parasitoides foi também pesquisada através de “inoculações” com três larvas sobre o hospedeiro, porém somente à temperatura de 25°C. As temperaturas de 30 e 25°C foram as mais adequadas para o desenvolvimento de M. minense e “inoculações” com duas larvas sobre o hospedeiro proporcionaram períodos mais curtos em todas as fases de desenvolvimento do inseto. Dentre as temperaturas estudadas, 30°C foi favorável ao desenvolvimento de P. claripalpis e nela foi obtido um maior número de indivíduos em menor período, a partir de “inoculações” com uma larva sobre o hospedeiro nesta temperatura. Não houve desenvolvimento das duas espécies de taquinídeos a 32°C. A biologia de M. minense a 25°C com três níveis de “inoculação” (uma, duas e três larvas sobre o hospedeiro) mostrou que este taquinídeo apresentou o mesmo comportamento quando utilizaram-se uma e duas larvas. O peso médio das pupas e longevidade de adultos não alimentados de M. minense decresceram com a elevação térmica, na faixa de 20 e 30°C, em ambos os níveis de “inoculação”. O peso médio das pupas diminuiu em função do acréscimo do número de larvas "inoculadas” no hospedeiro. E a longevidade também foi dependente dos três níveis estudados a 25°C. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que deverão ser utilizadas duas larvas de M. minense para produção em grande escala. Para P. claripalpis houve um encurtamento do ciclo com “inoculações” triplas. O peso médio de pupas deste taquinídeo, embora sem diferir estatisticamente foi 14% mais leve com “inoculações” triplas do que com uma e duas larvas por hospedeiro . A longevidade foi também influenciada pela temperatura. As temperaturas bases de M. minense para a fase de larva, pupa e ciclo total foram 6,24; 10,66 e 8, 84°C, respectivamente; e as constantes térmicas, de 186,68; 153,73 e 344,83 graus-dias, respectivamente. As temperaturas bases de P. claripalpis foram 6,25; 10,18 e 8,98°C para a fase de larva, pupa e ciclo total, respectivamente, e a constante térmica deste parasitoide foi 555,55 graus-dias, sendo as exigências térmicas da fase de larva e pupa de 277,27 e 322,58 graus-dias, respectivamente. Através do somatório de graus-dias estimou-se o número provável de gerações anuais de M. minense e P. claripalpis nos municípios de Piracicaba, Jaú, Pindorama, Ribeirão Preto, o qual variou de 12 e 13 gerações para o primeiro parasitoide e de 7 a 8 para o segundo.
Title in English
Biological aspects of Metagonistylum minense Towns., 1927 and Paratheresia claripalpis (Wulp, 1896) (Diptera, Tachinidae) at different temperatures
Abstract in English
This research deals with the biology of Metagonistylum minense Towns., 1927 and Paratheresia claripalpis (Wulp, 1896) on Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), at five constant temperatures (20, 22, 25, 30, 32°C), and with two levels of inoculation: one and two parasite larvae on the host larva. The biology of the parasitoids was also studied by inoculating three parasite larvae on the host larva but only at the temperature of 25°C. The temperatures of 25 and 30°C were more suitable for the development of M. minense and inoculations with two parasite larvae on the host larva have provided shorter periods in all stages on the insect development. The temperature of 30°C was the best advantageous for the development of P. claripalpis once a higher number of individuals was obtained in a shorter period from inoculations with one parasite larva on the host larva. There was no development either of the two tachinid species at 32°C. The biology of M. minense at 25°C with three levels of inoculation (one, two, and three parasite larvae on the host larva) has indicated that this tachinid presented the same behavior when one and two larvae were inoculated. The mean weight of pupae and longevity of non fed adults of M. minense have decreased as temperature increased from 20 to 30°C, for both levels of inoculation. The mean weight of pupae has decreased with the increasing of the number of larvae inoculated on the host larva. Also the longevity was dependent of the three levels of inoculation studied at 25°C. The results obtained have suggested that two larvae of M. minense should be per host for mass production of this parasite. As to P. claripalpis there was a shortening in its cycle with triple inoculations. The mean weight of P. claripalpis pupae, although without statistical difference, was 14% lighter with triple inoculations than with one and two larvae per host larva. The longevity was also affected by the temperature. The threshold temperatures of M. minense for the larval and pupal stages and the life cycle were: 6.24, 10.66, and 8.84°C, respectively, the thermal requirements were: 186.68, 153.73, and 344.83 degree-days, respectively. The threshold temperatures of P. claripalpis for the larval and pupal stages and life cycle were: 6.25, 10.18, and 8.98°C, respectively, and the thermal requirement of this parasitoid was 555.55 degree-days, being 227.27 and 322.58 degree-days the thermal needs of the larval and pupal stages, respectively. The probable number of annual generations of M. minense and P. claripalpis was estimated through the sum total of degree-days. It was observed that in the municipalities of Piracicaba, Jau, Pindorama, and Ribeirão Preto State of São Paulo the number of annual generations ranged from 12 to 13 for M. minense, and from 7 to 8 for P. claripalpis.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-11-24
 
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