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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.17.2024.tde-12042024-103110
Document
Author
Full name
Roger Luiz Rodrigues
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2024
Supervisor
Committee
Silva, Luis Lamberti Pinto da (President)
Cunha, Larissa Dias da
Costa, Luciana Jesus da
Santana, Rodrigo de Carvalho
Title in Portuguese
Modulação da via de sinalização IFN-I/JAK/STAT pela proteína acessória Nef do HIV-1
Keywords in Portuguese
Fator de transcrição STAT1
HIV-1
Nef
Via secretória
Abstract in Portuguese
HIV-1 infecta linhagens de linfócitos T CD4+, monócitos e macrófagos que expressam o receptor CD4. Apesar do HIV-1 interferir na capacidade dessas células sintetizarem interferon do tipo I (IFN-I), indivíduos infectados mantem níveis elevados de IFN-α no soro. IFN-α/β ativa a via de sinalização JAK/STAT, estimula a síntese de genes estimulados por interferon (ISGs) e induz um estado antiviral. No entanto, tratamento de pacientes com IFN-I tem baixa eficiência em conter a infecção pelo HIV-1, sugerindo um possível efeito viral inibitório na via JAK/STAT. A proteína acessória Nef do HIV-1 é crítica para a infecção, promovendo a patogênese viral e evasão imune. Além disso, a infecção pelo HIV-1 ou a expressão isolada da proteína Nef reduz os níveis de STAT1 fosforilado em linfócitos T CD4+. Portanto, investigamos nesse trabalho os mecanismos pelos quais a proteína Nef do HIV-1 modula a via de sinalização JAK/STAT. Para isso linfócitos T CD4+, expressando constitutivamente a proteína Nef, foram estimuladas com IFN-α e a ativação da via de sinalização JAK/STAT foi avaliada por meio de ensaios bioquímicos. Demonstramos que Nef induz a degradação proteassomal de STAT1, levando a uma forte depleção dos níveis totais de STAT1. Esta atividade de Nef impediu o aumento dos níveis de STAT1 fosforilada após estímulos de IFN-α, o que é essencial para a formação do complexo ISGF3. Em contraste, a fosforilação das quinases JAK1 e TYK2, e os níveis totais de STAT2, não são afetados por Nef. A depleção induzida de STAT1 depende da associação de Nef às membranas celulares e é conservada entre alelos de Nef provenientes de diferentes cepas de HIV-1. Portanto, ao depletar STAT1, Nef compromete a expressão de ISGs com atividade antiviral, mediada por IFN-α, em linfócitos T CD4+. Estes resultados mostram uma atividade previamente não descrita para a proteína Nef, que permite evadir a proteção antiviral induzida por IFN-α bloqueando a via de sinalização JAK/STAT.
Title in English
Modulation of the IFN-I/JAK/STAT signaling pathway by the protein HIV-1 Nef accessory
Keywords in English
HIV-1
Nef
Secretory pathway
STAT1 transcription factor
Abstract in English
HIV-1 infects lineages of CD4+ T lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages that express the CD4 receptor, together with the CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptors. Although HIV-1 interferes with the ability of these cells to synthesize type I interferon (IFN-I), infected individuals maintain high levels of IFN-α in their serum. IFN-α/β activates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, stimulates the synthesis of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and induces an antiviral state, fundamental in the response and control of infections. However, treatment of patients with IFN-I has low efficiency in containing HIV-1 infection, suggesting a possible viral inhibitory effect on the JAK/STAT pathway. Therefore, we investigated how HIV-1 modulates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. The HIV-1 accessory protein Nef is critical for infection, promoting viral pathogenesis and immune evasion. Furthermore, HIV-1 infection or isolated expression of the Nef protein reduces the levels of phosphorylated STAT1 in CD4+ T lymphocytes. Therefore, in this work, we investigated how HIV-1 mechanisms by which the HIV-1 Nef modulates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. For this purpose, CD4+ T lymphocytes, constitutively expressing Nef were stimulated with IFN-α and the activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway was evaluated through biochemical assays. We demonstrated that Nef induces proteasomal degradation of STAT1, leading to a strong depletion of total STAT1 levels. This Nef activity prevented the increase in phosphorylated STAT1 levels upon IFN-α stimuli, which is essential for the formation of the ISGF3 complex. In contrast, phosphorylation of the JAK1 and TYK2 kinases, and total STAT2 levels, are not affected by Nef. Induced depletion of STAT1 depends on the association of Nef with cell membranes and is conserved among Nef alleles originating from different HIV-1 strains. Therefore, by depleting STAT1, Nef compromises the expression of ISGs with antiviral activity, mediated by IFN-α, in CD4+ T lymphocytes. These results show a novel activity for the Nef protein, which allows HIV-1 to evade antiviral protection induced by IFN-α by blocking the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
 
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Release Date
2026-01-23
Publishing Date
2024-07-17
 
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